Wild duck breeding technology

(I) Brooding Feeding

1. Temperature: The brooding temperature should start at 30°C and decrease by 1°C every two days. By day 20, it should be adjusted to a normal brooding temperature of 20°C.

2. Humidity: Maintain a relative humidity of around 70%. In the early stages, avoid low humidity; ensure the floor is dry by covering it with straw or rice bran.

3. Density: For the first 10 days, keep 40 ducks per square meter. From day 11 to 20, reduce to 30 per square meter, and from day 21 to 30, 25 per square meter. After day 20, if the weather is warm, allow outdoor grazing in groups of 50 to 100.

4. Ventilation: Ensure proper ventilation while maintaining insulation to remove moisture and ammonia. In winter and spring, open windows during the day and close them at night.

5. Lighting: Provide at least 20 hours of light daily for the first 10 days, using 8 watts per square meter. From day 11 to 20, use natural light during the day and gradually reduce nighttime lighting. Natural light is sufficient after day 21.

6. Water Supply: Begin offering water 12 hours after hatching. Use a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution at room temperature, and provide warm water before day 10. Always ensure clean, fresh water, and consider adding B vitamins.

7. Feeding: Start feeding 2-3 hours after drinking. Use balanced feed, or wet powder mixed with water or broken pellets. Feed more frequently in the early days: 7 times a day for the first 10 days (including 2 night feedings), 5 times a day for days 11-20 (with 1 night feeding), and 4 times a day after day 21. Add green vegetables, kelp, and small live animals like fish or snails to promote growth.

8. Water Access: Allow ducklings to swim in shallow water twice a day, morning and afternoon, for about 30-60 minutes each time, starting from day 7. By day 10, they can swim freely.

(B) Rearing Period (Days 31–60)

During this period, wild ducks grow rapidly. At 60 days old, their weight is suitable for meat production.

1. Duck House Construction: Build semi-open houses with a ratio of house area to playground and water surface of 1:2:3. Each house should be 6m x 4m x 2.5m. Keep density between 10-15 ducks per square meter.

2. Escape Prevention: Install 2cm mesh nets around the yard and water areas to prevent ducks from flying away. Ducks are able to fly at 50 days old. Keep the surroundings quiet and wear plain clothes to avoid disturbing the ducks.

3. Feeding Management: Use balanced feed and feed 3 times a day, increasing the amount as the ducks grow (about 5% of their body weight). Adjust feed composition based on purpose—add more green feed for meat ducks.

4. Hygiene and Care: Clean the house daily, change bedding, and maintain good ventilation. Ensure each duck has enough space to eat. Monitor weight regularly and adjust feed accordingly to meet market standards.

5. Grazing: Allow grazing from day 40 unless the weather is bad. This helps build strength and improves meat quality. For meat ducks, increase protein and add supplements to boost growth.

(C) Breeding Wild Ducks

Under artificial conditions, ducks reach sexual maturity around 170 days. Males are slightly older than females. On average, a female lays about 120 eggs per year.

1. Selection: Choose males with large heads, strong bodies, and vibrant necks. Females should have smaller heads, long necks, and large eyes. Males should weigh at least 1.25kg, females at least 1kg. Ducks are typically used for 1-2 years.

2. Breeding Ratio: A male-to-female ratio of 1:5 to 1:10 is ideal, depending on environmental conditions and egg fertility.

3. Breeding Care: Add bone meal and shell powder during egg-laying. Increase protein intake and feed 4 times a day before peak laying. Use artificial light for 2-3 hours in the morning and evening to extend daylight to 15 hours. Avoid sudden changes in feed during this time.

4. Management: Keep the house clean and provide nesting areas. Watch for extreme weather and protect ducks from stress. In fall and winter, reduce fat accumulation by managing diet. Keep breeding density at 8-10 ducks per square meter.

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