Beetroot disease

Symptoms Sugar beet plexus root disease is a devastating disease that is distributed worldwide. China's Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Provinces discovered in 1978 and 1981, respectively, which reduced the production by 22%-44%. The basic symptoms of the disease were root hair necrosis, secondary lateral roots, abnormally proliferated root hairs or successive necrosis, a large number of secondary lateral roots and root hairs clustered, and vascular bundles of tuberous roots and lateral roots had yellow-brown stripes, and the symptoms of the aerial parts were variable. The production can be further divided into four types of necrotic yellow vein type, yellow type and yellow focal type and black focal type. The necrotic yellow veins appear bright yellow to orange yellow along the leaf veins along the veins, and brown necrosis along the veins along the veins. Roots have typical plexus root symptoms. Yellowing leaves turn pale yellow to yellowish green and become almost white when severe, similar to lack of fertilizer yellowing, thinning leaves, erect or narrow leaves, roots with roots symptoms. There was a large area of ​​brown necrosis between the main yellow veins of yellow scorch type leaves, and the leaves drooped, temporarily wilted under noon during the hot day, recovered in the morning, and had severe root symptoms in the roots. The black scorch type leaf veins appear dark brown scorch between the veins, the initial performance of scattered black and brown irregular scab stains, the leaves are usually upright, curled inwards, a large number of necrotic root hair, but the plexus root symptoms are not very obvious.

The pathogen Beet necrotic yel10w vein virus abbreviated BNYVV, known as yellow pulse necrosis virus, is a virus. The virus is the causative agent of beetroot necrotizing necrotic yellow, yellow and yellow scorch type. Virus and granular body rod-shaped, diameter 18m, its length has four kinds of 90,110,260,400mm. Sugar beet podroot black char is caused by the infection of a strain of TBRV called tomato black hog virus. The virus particles are spherical and have a diameter of 30 nm. Transmitted by long needle nematodes.

Transmission routes and conditions Necrotic yellow vein type, yellow type, and yellow focal type sugar beet plexus root disease are spread by Polymyxa betae Keskin called beet fungus. The presence of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in the zoospores of the beet fungus was observed under the microscope or electron microscope. After invading the roots of Beetella polymyxa, primary protoplasts are formed in the host cells, and mononuclear degenerated bodies are then formed. Nuclei become multinuclear protoplasts after multiple divisions. A zoospore pouch, in which each cell nucleus forms a zoosporangium, in which each cell nucleus forms a zoospore, which is released to the outside of the body via an overflow tube after maturation, and it takes about 10 days to complete the above process. The released aerobic spores can be re-infected. The infestation process begins when the beet fungus zoospores are released into the water and they begin to swim. They are spherical or pear-shaped. They have two flagellums of different lengths. After swimming for a period of time, they first grow with long flagella and beets. Root surface contact, and then completely attached to the root surface, the flagella disappeared to form cysts, invade the host after resting for several minutes to half an hour on the root surface, zoospore can also be directly invaded without movement, invaded after 1 to 3 days of invasive beet root cells That is, small spherical primitive protoplasm. As for the black char strain, it is caused by a strain of tomato beetle virus that infects sugar beets, and the virus is mainly concentrated in the roots. The number of outbreaks was more than that of BNYVV strains. The beet growing areas in Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, and Xinjiang in China were mainly black charred and blighted rhizomes. It is a soil-borne disease transmitted by Nematoda sp.

Control methods (1) Selection of breeding disease-resistant varieties Now we can popularize disease-resistant varieties C9203 and Germany's 5007, 5075 and other disease-resistant varieties in China's Inner Mongolia, China, and workers and peasants 301 and Shuangdou 305 disease-resistant varieties cultivated in China. (2) Necrotic yellow vein type, yellow type, and yellow charring-type beet plexus disease caused by BNYVV virus. Beet M. viscous has been exposed to the outside of the host body for a period of time before invading the beet root and is affected by external conditions. Large, it is an opportune time to prevent and cure the disease. It is advocated to raise the seedlings with uninfected soil with pH6 in the nursery. (3) Remove farmland weeds in a timely manner, especially weeds. (4) Light wards have more than 4 years of rotation, and severe wards insist on rotation for more than 10 years. Avoid re-embarrassing. Avoid seed production. Appropriate early sowing, increase phosphate fertilizer. (5) For black scorch-type plexus root disease, start by killing the long-worm nematode that spreads the disease. Italy, France, Japan are also effective in disinfecting soils with chloropicrin and methyl bromide.

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