Mulberry Rust

Mulberry Rust

Symptoms also known as red powder, gold mulberry, gold leaf and so on. Distributed in the country's planting mulberry district. The main damage Mulberry buds, young leaves, shoots, flowers and so on. The tender buds are deformed or bent, and the sprouts cannot germinate. The buds, stems and leaves, and flower molds on the shoots were infected with local hypertrophy or bending distortions, resulting in orange-yellow patches. The leaves were infected with tiny, round, glossy dots on the back of the leaves. They gradually bulged into a green bubble and turned yellow. The orange-yellow color followed by the epidermis ruptured and rusted orange-yellow powder covered the entire leaf. Therefore, it is called "Gang Sang." New shoots, petioles, and leaf vein infections spread longitudinally in the direction of the vascular bundles. There were crooked deformities and orange rust on the surface. The lesions on the new shoots gradually darkened. Mulberry flowers are irregularly swollen. The mulberry roots have lost their original luster, and they also have orange-yellow powder in later yellowing.

The pathogen, Aecidium mori (Barclay), is known as rust rust, and is a basidiomycotina fungus. Rhizoctonia hyphae was born between the cells under the epidermis. The diameter of the hyphae was 4-6 μm. The hyphae had a septum, hyphae gave birth to sucking cells, and drilled into mulberry cells to absorb nutrients. Suction cells length 7-15um, mostly cylindrical. The diameter of the rust device is 150um. The colorless round rust stems and the top chain rust spores are formed on the inside of the device. The rust spores are round, initially colorless, gradually orange-yellow, mature thick rust spores, with tiny protrusions on the surface, rust spore size 13-1811-15 (um).

Transmission routes and onset conditions Northern mycelia was overwintered in mulberry or winter bud tissue. In the south, rust and rust spores can overwinter. The cold-resistance of the rust and spores in the Yangtze River Basin cannot be overwintering. The lesions on the shoots are mostly non-pathogenic necrotic spots, and only the leaf marks that are particularly close to the shoots and the lesions on the bud scales can cause the disease. The hyphae on the lesions invade the mulberry buds, and the pods germinate in late spring, causing saplings to become infected. The initial infestation of mulberry buds was generally in April, and the rust spores produced by the initial infestation scattered to the new shoots and mulberry leaves and flower buds for repeated infection. The temperature limit of rust spore formation is 5-25°C, the optimum temperature is 13-18°C, and the relative humidity is higher than 90%. If the humidity is less than 88%, the rusty spores are difficult to form. Temperatures above 30°C, and humidity below 80%, the disease spread slowly or stagnates. The occurrence of severe disease in the Yangtze River basin from April to June, the Yellow River Basin onset from April to September, the warm areas in southern China in May-June and September-October into the peak period. The degree of occurrence of the disease is related to varieties and agricultural measures. Lusang in Shandong Province, Sang Sang in Guangdong Province, and Lunjiao 40 in Guangdong Province are affected with severe disease. The combination of new and old mulberry trees, spring cutting and summer cutting, harvesting leaves without cutting, leaving branches and leaving buds or harvesting and harvesting large tree tails all result in green leaves on the trees during the mulberry tree growth period, which is conducive to the survival of the mulberry trees. Infection, easy to disease.

Prevention and control methods (1) Selection of anti-(resistant) disease varieties such as Huang Lusang and Husang. (2) Stripping off initial diseased buds and controlling reinfestation. In general, inspections are carried out in three separate inspections in April to remove the disease buds in time. In the early spring, it is necessary to blunt the "spreaders" into yellow to remove diseased shoots, diseased shoots, and diseased leaves, and clear the initial infection source, which can achieve significant results. (3) Strengthen the management of mulberry fields. Thorough summer harvesting eliminates the chances of pathogenic bacteria surviving in green tissues, reducing infestation and disease incidence; draining drainage in time after rain to prevent moisture retention. (4) spraying 25% triadimefon WP 1000 times solution or 20% enzymatic EC 3000 times solution, 12.5% ​​tris-pj alcohol before the diseased leaves on the diseased stage. Ning) 2000 times wettable powder, focus on spraying Mulberry, once every 20 days, control 2-3 times. The spring effect can reach about 90%. In addition, it is also possible to control the damage by spraying the cloth with a 40% solution of seedling WP 300 times, 20% rustin EC 400 times, and 70% mancozeb 500 times. Sprayed with 40% extermination Weiwei (polysulfide suspension) 600 times, the zoom of the spores died.

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