Causes and Preventive Measures of Fruit Drops in Greenhouse Peach

Causes and Preventive Measures of Fruit Drops in Greenhouse Peach

(A) The main reasons for falling flowers and falling fruit 1. Warming prematurely Solar greenhouse cultivation must meet the amount of cold required to break the dormancy before it can grow and develop normally. However, some growers, in order to mention the morning, did not break the dormancy and prematurely heated the sheds, resulting in abnormal growth of the greenhouse cultivated peaches, late germination, irregular flowering, flowering malformation, low fruit setting rate, or inaccessible flowers. Even the buds are dead and fall off. 2, the temperature is not suitable for greenhouse cultivation conditions, if the improper temperature management can also cause a large number of falling flowers. The problems in temperature management mainly include the following aspects: First, the heating rate after the shed is too fast. In the flowering process of peach buds, if the temperature rises too fast, the hormone and nutrient balance will be destroyed, resulting in abnormal growth of the tree. Occasionally, after the first leaves, flowers or unopened pistils protrude and the sexual cells are stunted. The second is that the temperature is too high and the ground temperature is too low. During the warming process of protected cultivated peaches, the general temperature rises quickly and the ground temperature rises slowly, causing tree growth imbalances and falling flowers. The third is that the temperature is too high and the night temperature is too low. The tree is difficult to adapt to the large temperature difference between day and night, and it is easy to cause falling and fruiting. 3, high humidity humidity is too high during flowering, is not conducive to the spread of pollen, even if equipped with a sufficient pollination tree and adoption, artificial pollination technology, but also because of poor pollination fertilization and falling. In addition, the roots of the peach roots are vigorously respiration, and the oxygen demand is large, and the greenhouse is confined. In addition, the soil is covered with a film, the soil moisture is high, and the ventilation is poor, causing serious oxygen deprivation in the roots, inhibiting the absorption of nutrients and moisture, and causing a large number of falling flowers. 4, pollination fertilization poor peaches although there is a certain self-pollination ability, but far less than cross-pollination fruit set rate. When constructing a garden, taking into account the difference in the amount of cold required for each variety and the convenience of management and picking, more than one greenhouse is used to plant a single species. Some greenhouses, even if they are planted with two varieties, account for half of the total, if artificial pollination is used. Or pollination of bees and wall bees is not timely, there will be poor pollination and fertilization, resulting in serious flowering and fruit drop. 5, fertilizer damage Greenhouse cultivation conditions, due to the damage caused by fertilizer damage are: First, the application of unfamed chicken manure, ring dung or excessive use of ammonium bicarbonate, will release a lot of ammonia, when the ammonia in Accumulation in the shed room to a certain extent will cause poisoning of the plants and cause flowering and fruit drop. The second is that the amount of fertilization is too large and the fertilization is too concentrated, causing the local fertilizer concentration to be too high and causing burning of roots. The third is the use of poor quality chemical fertilizers that cause root damage. The fourth is that the concentration of foliar spray fertilizer is too high, causing fertilizer damage. In addition, the high moisture content of the young fruit during the expansion period will cause the branches to prosper, and the fruits compete for nutrition and cause fruit drop. (II) Measures to prevent flowering and fruit falling 1. During the flowering period, pollination greenhouse cultivation peaches must be artificially assisted in pollination or bee feeding to reduce flowering and improve fruit setting rate. Artificially assisted pros and cons can be given by people, students and students. Both methods can significantly increase the fruit setting rate. 2, to strengthen the temperature management After the shed, the heating rate can not be too fast, generally grasp the daily warming 2 ~ 3 °C, 15 days or so the temperature rose to about 24 °C during the day, night 10 ~ 15 °C. Flowering day 20 ~ 23 °C, not more than 25 °C. In order to reduce the relative humidity in flowering sheds and increase ventilation, the temperature can be reduced to 18 to 20°C during the day, but it must be maintained at 8°C or more at night. The key to temperature management from budding to flowering is to prevent daytime high temperatures and nighttime temperatures from being too low. Therefore, pay attention to ventilation and cooling during the day and pay attention to insulation at night. Insulation at night In addition to a good heat insulation structure for the construction of the booth, the straw can be coated with a plastic film to prevent the grass curtains from getting wet by rain, snow and dew. According to the test, the temperature of the greenhouse covered with the hay curtain is 3~5°C higher than that of the greenhouse covered with the same standard wet straw curtain. While maintaining a suitable greenhouse temperature, the ground temperature can not be ignored. In particular, the prevention of overgrowth of the ground and the ground due to excessively high temperatures and low ground temperature. The method of raising the ground temperature shall be as follows: after watering, the ground shall be dredged in a timely manner and the ground film shall be covered as soon as possible; second, the water shall not be watered after the shed is culled to the flowering period; thirdly, the curtain shall be pulled in time after sunrise to increase the ground illumination; and the fourth is to increase the organic fertilizer. Use organic matter decomposition and microbial activity to release heat and increase ground temperature. 3, strictly control the humidity during the flowering period to maintain indoor air relative humidity of 50% to 60%. In order to reduce the air humidity during flowering, ventilation should be strengthened as much as possible under the premise of ensuring the temperature. If the temperature in the greenhouse is too low to be ventilated, lime, ash, cinder, etc., can be dispersed in the shed. The relative humidity of the soil in the greenhouse should be maintained at 60% to 70%. To prevent excessive humidity, reduce the ventilation of the soil. In general, pour water one time before the shed, wait until the ground is dry, and then cover the mulch after scratching. If the soil is dry afterwards and needs to be replenished, it is best to use drip irrigation or hole irrigation to prevent flooding, so as to avoid excessive soil moisture and reduced ventilation. 4, scientific and rational fertilization should be fully cooked high quality organic fertilizer, reducing the amount of fertilizer, as little as possible or not applied ammonium bicarbonate. When fertilizing, it is necessary to open the ditch and immediately cover the soil so as to avoid ammonia poisoning caused by volatilization. In addition, fertilizers are applied in small amounts and dispersed.

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