1 Preparation before brooding 1.1 The choice of brooding season Seasonal changes have little effect on closed chicken houses and can be practiced throughout the year. In open chicken houses, the effect of brooding is different in different seasons. Practice has proved that the open chicken house is best for spring brooding. Spring broiler chicks grow rapidly, have a strong physique, and have a high survival rate. Summer brooding chicks have poor appetite and are prone to coccidiosis. Broiler brood chicks grow slowly in the fall and they lose weight when they grow into chickens. Winter brood chicks have poor physique and high brooding costs. 1.2 Preparation and disinfection of brooding houses, brooders, and brooding utensils Before the brooding, the brooding house should be maintained so that the brooding house and the brooding room are well-insulated, dry, ventilated, and not too bright. The brooders and heating equipment should be checked and repaired so that they can be used without problems. 1.3 Preparation of feed, litter and medicine Prior to brooding, sufficient diets, particularly various additives, minerals, and animal protein feeds, should be prepared according to the chick dietary formula. Prepare commonly used disinfectants, sulfa drugs and antibiotics. At the same time, adequate dry, fluffy, mildew-free, absorbent material should be prepared. 1.4 Preheating test Two days before hatching, the brooding room and the brooder should be tested to meet the standard requirements. The bedding should be laid on the ground and be about 3 to 5 cm thick. 2 Chicken rearing management 2.1 Freshly hatched chicks consume large amounts of water in the body, and dehydration occurs if they are not recharged for a long time. First let the chicks drink warm water for 2 to 3 h. At the beginning of drinking, add 8% glucose or sucrose to the water, drink at a temperature of about 15 °C, then add antibiotics, multidimensional and electrolyte nutrient solution for 2 to 3 days, drink cold and warm water for the first 3 days. 2.2 The first time a young chicken is eaten is called open food. When it is appropriate to start eating, it is usually appropriate to eat 12 to 24 hours after hatching, and one third of the chicks have to perform foraging. Feeds for food should be fresh, moderate in size, nutritious, and easy to feed and digest chicks. Commonly used are broken corn, millet, broken rice, crushed wheat, etc. These starter foods are first boiled with boiling water, and water is swollen before being fed. Dry food feed or wet feed can be used. In the first few days of feeding, the feed can be sprinkled directly on the dark plastic sheeting and later replaced with a chicken feeder. The wet mixes should be fed in batches, which can be fed 2 or 3 times on the first day, 6 times daily from the 2nd day, 5 times from the 4th week of age, and 4 times from the 7th week of age. If you change the dry powder later, you can make a transition from the 9th week to a week or so. If dry powder is used from the start of eating, it should be fed regularly every day and any chicken can eat freely. After the starter feed is fed for 2 to 3 days, the chicks should be gradually changed to the normal feeding materials. 2.3 Temperature The most critical management technique in the brooding period is the regulation and management of temperature. The body temperature regulation function of chicks is not yet perfect, and it is sensitive to changes in outside temperature. The temperature is too high, the chick's body heat and water dispersal are affected, the appetite diminishes, a large amount of water loss, metabolism is blocked, the growth is slow, the constitution is weak, the resistance is reduced, and the cold or infection respiratory disease and paralysis are easily caused, and the mortality rate is increased; When the temperature is too low, chicks cannot maintain body temperature balance, and they are crowded with each other. Because of mutual pressure, some chickens have difficulty breathing or even die. Keep the temperature at 35 °C for 3 d before brooding, and then reduce the temperature to 0.5 °C for every 1 d until the temperature drops to 18 to 21 °C. As the younger age grows, the difference between the cage temperature and the room temperature gradually decreases, approaching room temperature at the age of 3 weeks. The minimum room temperature should be kept at 18 °C to meet the growing needs of the chicks. 2.4 Humidity The relative humidity of a common brooding room is required to be 60% to 65% for 1 to 10 days and 50% to 60% for 10 days. If the air humidity is too low, the water in the chicks will be emitted through the respiratory tract, affecting the absorption of the remaining yolk in the body and the growth of the feathers. Once the chicks drink water for the first time, they may also suffer from diarrhoea due to excessive drinking water. At the same time, under high temperature conditions, the water in the house evaporates too quickly, the chicks' intake is declining or even dehydration, and the air is too dry, which can easily cause dust to fly and easily induce respiratory diseases. Therefore, attention must be paid to the replenishment of water in the early stage of brooding. Commonly used methods for moistening include placing wet grass bales, water basins, water vapor, etc., and spraying air (spray disinfectants). 2.5 Ventilation During the brooding process, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation, eliminate indoor foul air, introduce fresh outdoor air, and adjust indoor temperature and humidity. This is one of the important conditions for the normal growth and development of chicks. If it is not discharged in time, it will affect the health of the chicks and even cause death. In order to maintain fresh air in the room, the relationship between temperature and ventilation must be handled. Ventilation and ventilation are not only related to the age of the chicks, but also adjusted depending on the season and temperature. 2.6 Lighting The principle of illumination in the brooding period is: With the increase of the young age, the daily illumination time must be maintained at a certain or slightly reduced, can not increase. Reasonable lighting can speed up the metabolism of chickens, increase appetite, help absorption of Ca, P, promote the development of chicks' skeletons, and improve the body immunity. It is one of the important conditions for the healthy growth of chickens. 2.7 Feeding density The proper density is also a necessary condition for the chicks to grow well and grow neatly. If the density is too high, indoor air may be contaminated, and feathers, toes, and anal fistulas are prone to occur; crowding of chickens can cause unequal intake and development. The density is too small, the utilization of premises and equipment is low, and the cost of brooding is high. Cage raising chickens are controlled at 40-60/m2, and flat chickens are aged from 0-4 weeks at 20/m2. As the young age grows, at the age of 6-8 weeks, males and females should be grouped and the strengths and weaknesses should be separated. In order to facilitate management, shorten the feeding period and increase economic efficiency. 2.8 Timely interruption The implementation of cutting off is to prevent warts and reduce feed loss. Breaking time is 6 to 9 days. The method is: grab the chicken with one hand, place the thumb on the top of the chicken, place the index finger on the throat, apply the pressure properly, retract the tongue of the chicken, and select the cutting device. 800 °C) or a hot scalpel, the upper eyelid from the nostrils to the tip of the cut off 2 / 3, cut off 1/3 of the lower jaw, leaving no growth point, cutting time of 2 min, is conducive to bleeding and disinfection. Two or more days before and after a meal break, a variety of vitamins are added to the diet or drinking water, and the amount of feed and drinking water are increased until the chicken is cured. When the chicks are in stress, do not use them, and do not use them at the same time. Remnants that cannot be severed are supplemented on the 14th to 16th days. If the first break is unsuccessful or if it is to be trimmed, it is usually around 12 weeks of age. Be careful not to cut too fast and to prevent bleeding, not to hurt the tip of the tongue. 2.9 Epidemic Prevention 2.9.1 Disinfection. Chickens are sterilized daily (except during immunization). Every day, use fire alkali to mop the floor, wash the daily utensils once a week, and use a Disinfectant to disinfect and wash the water dispenser every day. Wash it with water after disinfection. During the epidemic prevention, only use the water to wash the water dispenser and replace the disinfectant every 3 to 4 days. Disinfection tanks should be set up at the entrance of chicken farms and chicken houses, and quick-disinfection medicines such as quicklime or chlorimicarb should be placed in order to disinfect the staff. Chicken housewares, medicines, etc. are entered in advance and used with formalin and potassium permanganate, and used after fumigation. Off-site regular cleaning, disinfecting with fire alkali to keep the surrounding environment clean. 2.9.2 Immunity. Before entering the brood, a detailed understanding of the epidemic situation and management status for the chick farm was given, and the immunization plan for the batch of chickens was formulated in light of the actual situation, the season, the external environment, and the species characteristics. During brooding, immunizations should be conducted in accordance with the degree of immunity. Chicken Newcastle Disease Vaccine should be diluted and inoculated intranasally at 10 days of age. Marek's vaccine, infectious bronchitis vaccine, and infectious bursal disease vaccine should be administered subcutaneously to chicks. More subcutaneous punctures are used inside the wings. At the same time, to prevent other diseases, add 2% ciprofloxacin to the diet and drinking water before 7-10 days of age in order to prevent the occurrence of ferret disease; add the chick's feed during the period of 15 to 60 days. 2% of coccidia to suppress the occurrence of coccidiosis in chickens; in the case of fowl cholera or suspected necropsy nearby, 0.06% of oxytetracycline or 5% of ciprofloxacin was added to the diet for continuous administration7 ~10 days to prevent the occurrence of fowl cholera. When using a vaccine, use a vaccine with low response, high potency, and reliable quality, and use it according to the instructions to ensure that the quality of the inoculation work is completed in quantity. The use of drugs should pay attention to their use of doses and alternate use of antibacterial drugs. 2.10 Other Management Measures 2.10.1 Weighing. Each weekend, the chickens were weighed, and randomly selected 5 to 10% of chick samples were compared with the standard weight in order to understand the growth and development of the chickens and to formulate reasonable feeding and management measures to ensure the normal growth of the chicks. 2.10.2 Group Management. As chicks grow, they need to adjust their density in time and group them according to their weight. Well-developed chicks are sturdy, lively and lively, with appropriate body weight, well-trimmed fleece, and fresh, dark colors. Pick out weak chickens at any time, feed them individually and give them high levels of nutrition.啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄 啄. Set duty officers at night to prevent beasts, rats, etc., and take precautions against fire. 2.10.3 cleaning manure. The floor litter of the chicken house should be changed frequently. The first dung is started around the 10th d, and it is usually cleared once every 5 days. Visible season, number of chickens, temperature, feces odor at any time, in order to maintain cleanliness, no ammonia smell, odor for the purpose of creating a good environment to suit the growth and development of chicks. After cleaning the manure, first rinse the ground with water, then use molybdenum water to mop the ground and spray with a disinfectant. Ningbo DOKEE Medical Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.dokeemedical.com
Chicken rearing and management techniques