Formula Fertilization Improves Old Vegetable Garden Soil

The old vegetable garden soil has been cultivated, coupled with the lack of attention to fertility and conservation of fertility and affected by a variety of adverse conditions, soil fertility gradually decreased, the soil texture is aging, seriously affecting the growth and development of vegetables and sustainable production. There are several problems in the old vegetable gardens in the following areas. The first is that the soil nutrients and ratio of vegetable gardens are seriously out of balance. The second is the shallowing of the tillage layer, the decrease of soil physical properties, and the decline of the soil strength. The third is that the garden soil is acidic, and the concentration of potassium ions and hydrogen ions increases, and trace elements are exhausted. The fourth is to inhibit the reduction of microbial activity of soil pathogens, resulting in increased damage from soil-borne diseases and other diseases. Fifth, there are many ways to cause soil pollution in different degrees, causing a decline in the yield and quality of vegetables. In view of the outstanding problems in the soil of old vegetable gardens, the following measures should be taken to deal with them.

Scientifically select fertilizers and do well in formula fertilization. To strictly control the amount of chemical fertilizers, in particular to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizers; to use nutrient content, and impurities, especially heavy metals and toxic substances, high purity fertilizer; according to the soil conditions as far as possible to use the fertilizer does not make the soil acidification; We will vigorously promote the technology of formula fertilization in vegetable fields, attach importance to the use of "three elements", pay attention to the use of trace element fertilizers, promote the use of multiple compound fertilizers, organic and inorganic compound fertilizers, and eliminate the phenomenon of partial application of nitrogen fertilizers.

Eliminating blind fertilization and stressing fertilization methods. There are many kinds of vegetables, and the fertility characteristics differ greatly from the laws requiring fertilizers. Different vegetable cultivation seasons and cultivation methods are different. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the reproductive characteristics of different types of vegetables, the law of fertilizer requirements, the status of soil fertilizer, and fertilizers. Species and nutrient content, scientifically calculate the amount of fertilizer, and according to different cultivation methods (such as cultivation and open field cultivation), different cultivation seasons and soil, water and other conditions to be flexible, do a good job soil and soil fertigation. The scientific fertilization method should be used to adhere to the combination of basal fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer. The base fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer, combined with the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; top dressing should be top-dressed according to the different growth stages of the vegetables and fertilizer requirements, focusing on the product. The peak period of organ formation such as rhizome, tuber enlargement period, nodule period, and flowering results are applied top dressing. Basal fertilizers should be applied deeply, applied in layers or in furrows. Top dressing should be done with watering. Promote foliar fertilization technology.

Increase organic fertilizers and promote the return of straw. Organic fertilizers should be vigorously promoted. Organic fertilizers not only have full nutrients, but also have long-lasting and stable fertilizer effects. They also have large buffering capacity, and are rich in organic matter. They can improve the soil structure, have less pollution to the soil environment of vegetable fields, and require more fully cooked and high-quality livestock and poultry manure. For manure, manure must be processed through accumulation and fermentation, etc. The organic matter should be cleaned up to reduce the physical pollution to the vegetable field; use all kinds of possible application fields to plant green manure to increase fertilizer sources. , improve the soil. In accordance with local conditions, the straw returning technology can be promoted, which can be used in combination with biological bacterial fertilizers; in addition, promotion of the use of biological bacterial fertilizers and puffed chicken manure and other fertilizers.

Adhere to a reasonable rotation, pay attention to improving soil cultivation. It is necessary to adopt comprehensive management methods such as scientific crop rotation, crop rotation, melon and vegetable rotation, expansion of rhizobial crops, that is, bean and vegetable cultivation, regular application of indigenous soil, increased organic fertilizer, and establishment of standardized vegetable fields; The construction of farmland water conservancy will reduce the groundwater level. The limestone or the soil conditioner shall be added to the soil with severe acidity. The soil shall be improved as soon as possible and the fertility may be cultivated.

Implement clean cultivation to avoid soil contamination. The conditions should be promoted to promote the diagnosis of vegetable crops, based on the analysis of nutrient composition of plant tissues, soil nutrient fastness measurement and plant nutrient diagnosis, etc., to understand the state of fertilizer required for vegetables, to correctly identify the symptoms of major nutrient disorders, and analyze the resulting After the reason, take timely measures to prevent and treat it. Strictly prohibit the use of domestic waste and watering various sewage. In fields with high cadmium content, crop rotation can be performed with rice, lime or calcium, magnesium, and potassium fertilizers can be applied. Silicon and calcium fertilizers can increase soil pH and reduce the availability of cadmium in the soil. (Hu Qishan)

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