Scientifically Preventing Fruit Diseases in Storage of Crops

In winter, seeds and fruits of many crops need to be stored. Although the farmers’ friends have created comfortable and stable storage conditions for these seeds and fruits, there are still 10% to 19% of the crops such as sweet potatoes are engulfed by diseases during storage, and the rot rates of fruits such as citrus are up to 10%. 30%, serious to 50%-60%. Penicillium, green mold, peduncle, black rot, anthracnose, acid rot and brown rot have caused serious damage to the general and serious diseases, which have seriously affected the national economy and people’s production and life. .

Diseases in the storage period are the same as those in the plant growth period. They can be divided into two major categories of invasive diseases and physiological or non-invasive diseases. The former is infected with pathogens and can be infected. It is particularly necessary to study and control.

Diseases in the storage period mostly occur in the roots and tubers of fresh and juicy organs, tissues or potatoes of fruits and vegetables. This is primarily because they are vulnerable to damage and can provide a rich source of nutrients to the bacteria. From the point of view of the organism itself, partial rotting is not a bad thing. The decay of the pulpy part of the fruit is beneficial to the germination and growth of the seeds in the coming year. Now humans regard this natural phenomenon as a physiological disease, trying to inhibit the metabolism of plants or maintain their liveliness. This is all based on agricultural production and human interests, but we cannot expect to completely control their occurrence.

Regardless of which disease, the analysis of the pathogenesis must begin with environmental conditions. Human subjectively wants to provide various fruits, vegetables, and yam pods with conditions conducive to their dormancy, but it does not really meet the needs of plants. How to adjust the storage temperature and humidity needs constant research and improvement. For the storage of invasive diseases, the high concentration and consistency of the host is very beneficial to their large-scale spread. If the fruit has been infected or latently infected by the bacteria before entering the pit, the temperature and humidity of the cellar are more appropriate, and even if the artificial cellaring is artificially transmitted, the disease will be very serious. In view of the above situation, the following aspects should be noted in the reduction of diseases during storage:

(1) Improve storage facilities and reasonably control the storage environment. Storage facilities not only require isolation from the outside world, but also have good ventilation and temperature control capabilities. Thoroughly sterilize the walls and floors with sulfur, formalin, or carbendazim before storage. The way of cellaring is also very important. Try to pack and store it as it is and avoid stacking. The cellar period generally needs to control the temperature and humidity in stages.

(2) Harvesting lightly and gently, reducing damage can reduce the infection of many diseases. Drying of potatoes after harvesting is beneficial to the woodification of wounds and can have a preventive effect.

(3) Do a good job of disease prevention and control in the growing period. For example, apple ringworm disease and anthracnose disease are severely affected by high temperature and humidity during the storage period. However, pathogens are left over after being transmitted by rainwater during the growing season. Therefore, spraying control should be strengthened during the growing season.

(4) Perform appropriate disease prevention and fresh-keeping treatment. For citrus, it is better to pick fruit and dip the fruit while harvesting, especially in wet and humid weather. Currently used bactericidal preservatives include prochloraz, imazalil, baclofen, and benzimidazoles such as carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, benomyl, and thiabendazole.

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