Prevent wheat smut before wheat sowing

1. Wheaty smut diseased wheat smut occurs in the panicle, the diseased plant is slightly shorter, the tillering is increased, the diseased ear is darker in color, the husk is slightly open outward, and the whole panicle granules are all black Powder, the chlamydospore of the bacteria. The chlamydospores have a fishy smell and are covered in a gray-brown film.

2. The chlamydospore of the pathogenic smut pathogen can germinate in water, and pig, horse and cow manure extract can promote germination. The germination temperature is optimally 18 to 20°C, the lowest is 0 to 1°C, and the highest is 25 to 29°C. The chlamydospores stored in the dry place can survive for several years, and the chlamydospores in the wet place can only live for several months.

3. Characteristics of the disease The smut smut germinated with chlamydospores on the surface of the seed or mixed with manure and the soil was overwintering over the summer. When wheat sow germinates, chlamydospore also germinates, invades from the coleoptile, and reaches the growing point. Occurrence of head smut is related to soil temperature. The optimum temperature for invasive seedlings is 9-12 °C, minimum 5 °C, and maximum 20 °C. The optimum temperature for winter wheat seedling growth is 12～16°C. Generally moist soil is good for spore germination of pathogens. Covering the soil too deep when sowing is also beneficial.

4. Control methods

4.1 It is not advisable to continue planting wheat in plots with severe incidence of summer wheat harvest because there are many pathogenic bacteria in the soil, which will easily lead to the occurrence of this disease in the following year.

4.2 Select disease-free seeds for sowing. Use disease-free seed fields as seeds or buy commercial wheat seeds.

4.3 Seed treatment before sowing. Seed treatment, seed dressing with seed weight 0.2% of 15% triadimefon or 0.15% of 20% triadimefol; seed weight of 0.2% of 50% carbendazim WP or 0.3% seed weight Dove powder dressing. After the seed dressing, it will be boring for 6 hours.

4.4 Others. Timely enough sowing, apply enough base fertilizer, use seed fertilizer, cover soil not too deep, in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, nurturing strong seedlings. Organic fertilizer should be fully cooked.

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