High-yielding dairy cattle calf management

The quality of yak rearing is directly related to the milk production level and reproductive performance of adult yaks. Therefore, the adult cows must be able to raise their calves during the yak period for high yields.

First, do a good job for the management of newborn calves

After the yak is removed from the mother, it is necessary to first clear the mucus and mucus and gently press the lungs to prevent the mucus from entering the trachea and suffocating. The yak's umbilical cord was cut at a distance of 10 cm from the abdomen, and the mucus in the umbilical cord was squeezed out and soaked in 5% iodine for 1-2 minutes to prevent infection. It is best to keep the cows clean in the other parts of the yak body. If necessary, wipe off with a clean, soft cotton cloth to prevent calves from getting cold.

Second, ensure that calves eat good colostrum

Colostrum contains higher protein, fat, vitamins and other nutrients than regular milk. It is the only full-price natural food after calf's birth. Colostrum also contains a large amount of immunoglobulins and lysozyme, which can kill and inhibit bacteria, play a role in laxation, enhance the immune function of calves, and promote normal activities of digestive function. The newborn yak's stomach is empty and the stomach wall is mucous. The resistance to bacteria is very weak. The content of colostrum immunoglobulin is high. Colostrum can replace stomach mucus and stick to the stomach and intestines, preventing bacteria from entering the bloodstream. Therefore, we must try to allow calves to eat early after birth, eat more colostrum, the sooner you eat, the faster calves gain weight, the stronger the constitution, the higher the survival rate.

Third, strengthen the exercise of digestive organs

1. Calves feed 4 days after birth. At the beginning of the test, a small amount of wet material is wiped into its mouth, and fresh dry yak material can also be placed in the feed box to give only the amount of finished food per day.

2. The yak around the age of one week can feed roughage. The calf's rumen activity increases with the increase of the amount of grass or hay. Generally, the calf can be trained to eat high-quality green hay in the second week after birth, and a small amount of high-quality green hay is placed in front of the bullpen, and the calf will try to eat. One point, gradually it will gradually increase the intake of food with the needs of physical development.

3. Yaks are fed with juiciness after 20 days. Every day, 20-25 grams of chopped carrots or other vegetables and grass are added to the concentrate, and they are gradually increased. They are fed 1-1.5 kg per day at 3 months of age.

4. Yaks began to feed silage at 2 months of age. Feeding 100-150 grams a day, gradually increasing the amount of feed, feeding 1.5-3 kg per day at 3 months of age, feeding 4-5 kg ​​per day at 4-6 months of age.

Fourth, do a good job of daily management

1. Environmental health

Newborn calves do not have any resistance to disease. Yak feeding rooms should be flat, dry, clean, and ventilated. The bedding should be changed frequently, and the excrement must be promptly removed, and lime should be disinfected after removal.

2. Breastfeeding

The nursing kit must be cleaned after each use, and the utensils should be sterilized regularly. If the nursing cow is ill, the calf should be isolated from the cow and the calf should not be allowed to eat the cow's milk. In order to ensure the health of calves, artificial feeding should be performed at this time, or milk from other healthy dairy cows should be used to achieve regular and quantitative feeding.

3. Skin hygiene

After the yak is born 5-6 days old, swab the body once a day and pay attention to proper exercise. Brushing plays the role of massage the skin, can promote the skin's blood circulation, strengthen the metabolism, it is not only conducive to the development of calves, but also to prevent the growth of surface parasites, to develop a docile temperament.

4. Note the effect of seasonal changes on the calf

In general, calves are susceptible to morbidity in May-June and December of each year. Prevention should be carried out according to the situation. Cold work should be done well in winter and heatstroke prevention and moisture prevention work should be done in summer to prevent diseases.

5. Weaning at the right time

The weaning time should be determined in a timely manner according to the age, weight, and feed intake of the concentrate. Dry matter intake should be used as the main basis to determine the weaning time. When calves eat more than 0.7 kilograms of dry matter for three consecutive days, they can be weaned. Insufficient dietary intake of calves during weaning can cause weight loss during the first few days after weaning, and it is normal for weight loss to occur at any given month of weaning. The calves should be stocked in separate pens 10 days after weaning, until the calf does not request milk.

Fifth, to strengthen the prevention and treatment of common diseases

Yak umbilical corditis

Umbilical corditis is caused by inflammation of the umbilical cord due to bacteria in the midwifery when the umbilical cord is not sterilized or disinfected, and feeding and management are improper. Preventive measures: 1 do a good job in the treatment and strict disinfection of the umbilical cord; 2 maintain a good health environment, sports grounds, housing regularly with 2% fire alkali disinfection; 3 timely removal of excrement, ground for grass.

2. Yak cow pneumonia

Mostly caused by the conversion of colds, may also be primary in bacterial infections, such as pneumococcus, streptococcal pneumonia, etc., should pay attention to early diagnosis and timely use of antibiotics for treatment.

3. Yak diarrhea

The etiology of yak diarrhea has two points: First, diarrhea caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as E. coli disease, typhoid fever, viral enteritis, yak coccidiosis, etc.; Second, nutritional diarrhea, mainly caused by improper feeding, such as Feeding cold milk, feeding spoiled bad milk, dirty feeding troughs, etc.

For diarrhea, calves first reduce the amount of whole milk, reduce or stop milk replacer, start food, so that the digestive tract can be adjusted. Treatment can be added in the drinking water amount of baking soda, salt, potassium chloride, vitamins. If the disease is severe, intramuscular injection of diarrhea and acupuncture can be used (main ingredient: Andrographis, dose of 0.1 ml/kg body weight), and with lactase or probiotics, lactic acid bacteria tablets can also be used. If the yak is severely dehydrated, does not eat, and is apathetic, it is necessary to perform cardiac regurgitation and rehydration to prevent acidosis.

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