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How to manage summer harvest wheat
The overall growth of wheat is showing positive signs this year. China's grain production has started off well, with the sown area for winter wheat increasing by over 10 million mu, marking a reversal of the long-term decline that began in 1998. According to the Crop Management Division of the Ministry of Agriculture, the current state of winter wheat across the country is generally better than the same period last year and the previous year. The soil is well-moistured, and the plants are growing vigorously, laying a solid foundation for a successful summer harvest.
Currently, winter wheat in the northwest and northern China is entering the jointing stage, while the Huanghuai region is in the heading stage. In the Jianghuai region, the crop is in the grain-filling stage, and in the southwest, it is in the milk-ripening phase. Recently, the first type of winter wheat—representing the most vigorous seedlings—accounted for 45.5% of the total sown area, up 9.2 percentage points from the previous year. Second-type and third-type seedlings made up 38.8% and 15.7%, respectively, down by 2.7 and 6.5 percentage points year-on-year. In the ten major winter wheat-producing provinces, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, and Shanxi saw increases of more than 10 percentage points in their wheat areas.
According to the survey results from the Ministry of Agriculture’s wheat expert guidance group, this year’s summer grain production has several notable characteristics. First, the weather during the growing season has been variable. Second, the recovery of wheat growth is currently strong. Third, the application of advanced field management techniques has reached a high level.
Despite these positive developments, some challenges remain. Professor Yu Zhenwen, head of the wheat expert guidance group, warned that uncertainties such as natural disasters pose potential threats to the summer harvest. He highlighted three main risks: a high risk of lodging due to weak stem strength in some fields, an increased likelihood of pests and diseases like stripe rust, powdery mildew, and head blight, and the possibility of severe weather events such as dry hot winds and heavy rain before harvest.
In western provinces, the spread of stripe rust has already increased by 15% compared to last year, with the outbreak occurring over 15 days earlier. As temperatures rise, the disease is expected to spread further in western and Huanghuai regions. In Henan, stripe rust has been detected in 15 counties, including Nanyang, Zhoukou, and Zhumadian, and is spreading rapidly. Similarly, in Hubei, the disease has expanded significantly in key wheat-growing areas, affecting over 18 million mu by early April.
Experts from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Luancheng, Hebei, noted that the delayed green-up of wheat this spring, due to lower-than-usual ground temperatures, caused a 10-day delay in the return of green wheat. This led to longer periods of early growth and softer stems, making the plants more susceptible to lodging. If no action is taken, the risk of widespread lodging due to dry hot winds in June could severely impact both yield and quality.
To address these challenges, the Ministry of Agriculture’s wheat expert guidance group has recommended improved fertilizer and water management, enhanced pest control, and better seed production practices. Ensuring adequate fertilizer and water supply during the critical jointing stage is essential for boosting effective tillers and grain weight. Strengthening pest monitoring and early warning systems is also crucial, especially for diseases like stripe rust.
Experts also advised farmers to apply potassium nitrate spray on wheat leaves, using a 1% solution at 30 kg per mu, with a second application after 3–5 days. This low-cost measure can significantly improve plant resilience. Additionally, adjusting fertilizer application strategies—such as using potassium nitrate instead of growth regulators—can help meet the crop’s nitrogen and potassium needs during critical growth stages.
With proactive measures and timely interventions, the outlook for this year’s summer grain harvest remains optimistic, despite the ongoing challenges.