Improvement of Sheep and Fattening and Fattening Technology

The improvement and fattening techniques of mutton sheep are based on the use of various methods of crossbreeding, using local breeds as female parents, introducing good meat breeds as male parents for economical crossbreeding, and at the same time using local resources and appropriate concentrates to fertilize hybrid offspring. technology. The mutton sheep thus cultivated not only retains the characteristics of extensive local goats and strong adaptability, but also has the advantages of high growth rate, high meat production, and good meat quality, as well as the local grass and grass slopes and various agricultural and sideline resources. Use it rationally.
1 Improvement of mutton sheep
1.1 Main mutton sheep breeds The main meat sheep breeds are Small Tail Han Sheep, Hu Sheep, Charolais, Texel, Dorset Sheep and Suffolk Sheep. The main meat goat breeds include Chengdu Mayang, Nanjiang Huangyang, Qiang Goat, Matou Goat, Boer Goat and Saanen Dairy Goat.
1.2 Common cross combinations produced by high-quality mutton sheep. Cross breeds of Charolais (Cypriot) Small Tail Han sheep (Cockroach) were all fattened; Boer goats (Cockroach) Chengdu Mamiao (Cockroaches), and a generation of rams were used for fattening and hybrid generation. Crossbreeding goats with Boer goats, and composting the second hybrids; Boer goats (cockroaches) Nanjiang yellow goats (cockroaches), mixed generation rams for lamb production, and hybrid generations of ewes crossbreed with Boer goats (flea). All generations were used for fat lamb production; Chengdu Ma (♂) local goats (♀), mixed generation rams were used for fattening, mixed generation ewes were crossed with Boer goats, and all their offspring were fattened.
2 High-quality fattening lambs The young lambs have two physiological characteristics: First, they grow rapidly before the age of 6 months, after which the growth rate slows down. Second, before the age of 4 months, the rumen development is incomplete, and the decomposition of the rumen microorganisms is relatively weak. Therefore, the ingested concentrate feed is only degraded in the rumen and enters the stomach, and is then absorbed, so that the feed utilization rate Higher, good economic returns.
2.1 Supplementary feed for lambs can be made with cereal feeds with appropriate amount of soya cakes (potatoes), as well as mixed concentrates. For example: 45% corn, 22% wheat bran, 30% soybean meal, 1% salt, 2% fish meal. The lamb's fine feed increases with the age of the month. From the age of 20 days to one month, the feed amount of each lamb is 50 to 70 grams, 100 to 150 grams for 1 to 2 months, 200 grams for 2 to 3 months, and 250 grams for 3 to 4 months. Supplement 2 times. The feed to be fed should be high-quality legumes such as alfalfa. There is also the practice of letting the lambs freely with the ewes for roughage in the trough.
2.2 Strengthen the ewes feeding ewes to grazing on high-quality pastures or to feed high-quality legume forages. At the same time, each ewlet feeds 0.4-0.7 kg of mixed feed each day. The composition of mixed concentrates: corn 60%, wheat bran 8%, cottonseed cake 16%, soybean meal 12%, salt 1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 3%.
2.3 Early Weaning of Lambs In the current level of production in China, lambs for the production of fattening lambs can be weaned at 60 days of age, and if the supplemental conditions are good, they can be weaned after 42 days of age.
2.4 Select sheep for fattening as long as from the sheep to pick individual large, well-developed, feeding ability, disease-free lambs, composed of fattening groups after weaning. It is better to choose the male lamb because the male lamb grows faster and does not reach sexual maturity at this time.
2.5 Guaranteed Stable Feed Supply The lambs fed after weaning should be fed in the same way as supplementation, which is beneficial for alleviating the stress caused by weaning. Feeds for the finishing period should also strive to maintain a consistent composition.
2.6 Guaranteed nutrient levels for fat lamb production requires dietary protein and energy levels to be high, crude protein levels at or near 20%, and calcium to phosphorus ratios appropriate.
2.7 Properly formulated and processed fattening diets should include vitamins and mineral feed additives and antibiotics in addition to energy, protein and cellulose requirements.
2.8 Strengthen hygiene management Always have adequate and clean drinking water supply, provide good ventilation, dry floors, bedding, feedstuffs, etc., clean the sheds, sites, feed troughs, and sinks in time, and disinfect regularly.
3 Laying grazing supplements production points At present, lamb fattening is an effective way to increase lamb production and sheep production efficiency, but also in line with rural practice and tradition. According to the different forms of sheep production organization and technology system, it can be divided into grazing supplement feeding production system, housing feeding production system and whole grazing production system. Here is just a description of the grazing supplement production system:
3.1 Arranging the best lambing season The production system for the fattening of the year when the lambs are produced in the same year will enable the fattening lambs to be slaughtered just before New Year's Day or before the Spring Festival, which will achieve considerable economic benefits and will also benefit the supply of forage grass. In order for the lamb to grow for a longer period of time, the ideal lambing time should be in the early spring of each year, so that the lamb's slaughter weight at the end of the year can reach about 35 kg or even higher.
3.2 Choosing the ideal fattening time Generally, it is necessary to add mixed concentrate at the beginning of mid-to-late October. The premature start of fattening will affect the lamb slaughter and the quality of the skin.
3.3 Lamb weaning time is generally 2 to 4 months of weaning, individual large lambs can be properly weaned in advance, for weak lambs, weaning time is appropriately delayed.
3.4 Doing a good job of group shifting For the weaned lambs, castrations are not castrated. Lambs are to be dewormed and medicinal baths, individually grouped in accordance with the principle of similar body weight and individual size, individually grazing, and individually supplemented and managed.
3.5 Ensure sufficient grazing time Every day grazing should be 7 to 9 hours to increase lamb feed intake and promote growth and development. After each grazing cycle, the lamb should be supplemented with roughage. After winter, the amount of roughage fed should be increased, and better quality roughage should be fed, such as peanut meal and sweet potato meal.
3.6 Supplement feed The mixed feed should be grazing and feeding every day. It should be supplemented with mixed feeds, and there should be two supplements sooner or later. Supplement feeds should be quantified. With the gradual increase of the feeding age, the two months before the slaughter belong to the centralized fattening stage, which should be used as the focus of supplementary feeding, and the amount of mixed concentrate should be increased.
4 Quality Meat Sheep Production Management Points
4.1 The Casting of the Rams The castration of the Lamb is about 18 days after birth and may be postponed if cloudy or weak. Castration is best done in the morning, before 10 o'clock for care. Castration or ligation can be used for castration.
4.2 The horns of rams For horned sheep, goniform surgery should be performed within 5 to 10 months after birth. There are two ways to remove horns, such as burning and etching.
4.3 The tail-broken tail should be carried out within 10 days of the lamb's growth. At this time, the tail is fine, and the bleeding is small. The broken tail has a heat-cut method and a ligation method.
4.4 Shearing can be used for fat lamb production without shearing or shearing. Lambs are generally cut once or twice, and can be sheared once in spring and autumn. The goat only cuts coarse hair every spring. Cut the hair to choose a sunny day without wind, so that the sheep will not catch a cold due to cut the hair, after cutting the hair, the hair collected by grade for sale.
4.5 The regular medicine bath shall stop feeding 8 hours before the medicine bath. Drink enough water to the sheep 2 to 3 hours before bathing to prevent the sheep from drinking liquid medicine. First bath healthy sheep, the last bath of the flea sheep.
Author: Feixian Vocational College, Shandong Province

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