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Orchard Management Methods and Techniques in August
**Apple Tree:**
1. **Pruning:** Focus on trimming young and long branches to encourage balanced growth. Remove sparse, shaded, or overlapping branches, as well as diseased or pest-infested ones. This improves air circulation and light penetration, which helps control excessive branching and promotes flower bud formation.
2. **Soil, Fertilizer, and Water Management:** Keep the orchard soil loose by regular weeding. For late-maturing apple varieties, apply a 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and calcium fertilizer to enhance fruit quality and disease resistance.
3. **Harvesting:** Harvest medium-maturing apple varieties at the right time for optimal flavor and texture.
4. **Pest Control:** In early to mid-season, spray 68.75% Yibao wettable granules diluted 1200 times or 50% Ethylene wettable powder diluted 800 times, along with 25% Diflubenzuron 1200 times, to prevent diseases like ring rot, leaf spot, and pests such as the golden grain moth and cotton bollworm. In mid to late season, use a 1:2:180 Bordeaux mixture or 30% Peach Lingzhi or Peach Xiaoshen diluted 1500 times to manage similar issues.
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**Pear Tree:**
1. **Harvesting:** Mid-maturing varieties such as Balsam, 20th Century, August Crisp, Cuifu, Yuxishui, and Red Perfume are ready for harvest. Late-maturing varieties are also approaching maturity.
2. **Branch Management and Fertilization:** Open up the canopy by pruning sapling branches and controlling nitrogen fertilizers while applying more phosphorus and potassium. Apply base fertilizer to early-maturing varieties, with 150–200 kg per plant for trees aged 6–10 years and 200–300 kg for older ones. Avoid using Bordeaux mixture before harvest to prevent fruit surface contamination.
3. **Pest and Disease Control:** In mid-season, spray 20.06% Wanxing EC 2000 times or 50% Wanwenning WP 600 times, along with 2.5% Baoduo EC 2000 times or 52.25% CCTV EC 1500 times and 10% IMID wettable powder 2500 times to control pests like the peach fruit borer, pear yellow mealybug, whitefly, and diseases such as black spot and anthracnose. Pay special attention to bagging for mealybug and whitefly control during this period. In mid to late season, use 75% mancozeb dry suspension 800 times or 50% carbendazim WP 600 times mixed with 52.2% farmland 1500 times and 20% cyanourea suspension 6000 times to manage various pests and diseases. This is the last time Bordeaux mixture is used, so ensure extra care for black spot disease in Chinese pears. Tie grass around the trunk to attract P. edulis to overwinter, then burn it after removal.
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**Grape:**
1. **Top-Dressing and Drainage:** Apply 20–25 kg of diammonium phosphate and potassium fertilizer per 667 square meters, preferably before or after rain. Ensure proper drainage to avoid waterlogging before fruit ripening.
2. **Pest and Disease Control:** In mid-August, spray 80% mancozeb 800g or 80% M-45 fluid to control white rot and anthracnose. For downy mildew, use 52.5% DuPont Fast & Clean 2000–2400 times, especially after rain. In late August, apply 160 times diluted Bordeaux mixture.
3. **Harvesting Medium-Maturing Varieties:** Once fruits begin to show color in mid-August, remove old leaves that block sunlight to improve fruit quality. Harvest according to market demand.
4. **Summer Pruning:** Continue topping and removing tendrils to maintain vine structure and promote healthy growth.
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**Peach Tree:**
1. **Pest Prevention:** At the beginning of August, spray 10,000 times diluted DuPont Fuxing or 800–1000 times diluted 50% Wanwenning WP, or 800–1000 times diluted 70% Mancozeb WP to control aphids, leaf curl insects, leaf moths, and diseases like leaf perforation and fruit rot. In mid-late August, use 2000 times diluted Sweeper plus 500 times Zinc, or 1500 times diluted 40% water-soluble phosphoramide plus 5000–6000 times diluted 1.8% Avermectin emulsion (for white spider), plus 800–1000 times diluted 50% Vinynone WP or 1500 times diluted DuPont EPC to control pests like leaf miners, white spiders, and fruit rot.
2. **Fertilization and Watering:** In late August, when fruits enter rapid expansion, apply appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer based on tree age. For 3–5-year-old trees, apply 1 kg per tree; for older ones, 1.5–2 kg. After top dressing, water appropriately. Spray 0.2–0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on both upper and lower parts of the leaves.
3. **Pruning:** At the start of the month, remove back branches, competing branches, diseased, and overcrowded branches. Before and after summer, open up young branches to promote flower bud differentiation and ensure full development.
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**Winter Jujube:**
1. **Prevent Physiological Fruit Drop:** Manage intercropping crops carefully. In early August, spray 5–10 times diluted nitric acid or anti-dropping agents, along with 0.2–0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
2. **Pest Control:** Use 3000 times diluted 90% Wanling plus 3000–4000 times diluted 1.8% Abamectin to control red spider and other pests. For P. carachinae and cotton bollworm, use 4000 times diluted solutions of Baode or others. Apply azole-based pesticides like Wanxing, Fuxing, or Yibao every 7–10 days to prevent jujube rust, especially after 3 days of rain. Use agricultural streptomycin or 2000–3000 times diluted Jia Du Bang Wan Xing EC, or add 8000–10000 times diluted DuPont Fuxing to control fruit diseases and rot. Pick fruits and kill peach fruitworms. Tie grass around main branches and trunks to collect overwintering pests like dateworm and red spider. Clear rusty leaves, defoliated leaves from anthracnose, and dead fruits.
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**Pomegranate Tree:**
1. **Water Management:** Water promptly during drought and drain excess water after rain to prevent root suffocation and reduce root absorption capacity.
2. **Weeding and Soil Cultivation:** Regularly weed and keep the soil loose to promote root development and expand the root system.
3. **Disease Control:** Spray 600–800 times diluted 80% ultra-micro carbendazim to control dry rot and strengthen overall disease management.
4. **Shade Removal:** Remove shaded shoots, such as long and competing branches, to improve ventilation and light transmission within the tree canopy, ensuring good light penetration.
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