The introduction of aquaculture technology

Farming site conditions

1) Water source: Rivers and lakes dominate the plains, and streams and springs dominate the mountainous areas. It is better to have groundwater to facilitate the extraction of deep well water. The water consumption of the farm is very large, so the amount of water must be sufficient. Generally, the amount of water required for growing 1kg of edible quail is about 25m3. Therefore, it is based on the design. The suitable water quality is PH value 7-8, transparency more than 20cm, DO more than 5mg/l, no industrial sewage hazard.

2) Power supply: The farm needs sufficient power, and aerators with a power of 1 kilowatt per acre are generally required. A breeding farm with an annual output of 100 tons of edible alfalfa needs at least one 150-kilovolt transformer, and it must ensure that there is no blackout year-round.

3) Others: The soil quality of the construction site is the best in loam, the topography is flat, and the climate is warm. If the thermal drainage of the thermal power plant or the hot spring water can be used, the benefits will be more obvious. In addition, it is required that the land and water transportation be convenient for transportation of feed and merchandise.

Rafting pond design

Currently, there are two kinds of open-pit hydrothermal-type and waste-heat-type water-flow systems in China. The main points for building a pond are as follows:

1) Open-air hydroponic ponds: use natural water such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater as the water source. The pool is low in cost and consumes less electricity. However, the output is low, and the average yield per mu is only 1-2T. This is currently the major in China. Farming methods, the general market size is 50 acres of water. The ponds are reared according to the different specifications of the carp, usually divided into one, two, three, and four types of pots. The pool shape is usually round or elliptical, and the injection and drainage ports are opposite to each other, and the anti-escape facilities are set, and a food shed is set up on the side of the pool facing the sun.

2) Warm-water type raising pond: It is required that the water temperature should be controlled at about 27°C which is the optimum temperature for the growth of alfalfa, and it should be cultured with running water. Its advantage is less disease, rapid growth, and high yield. It is a relatively advanced breeding method.

Breeding technology

The cultivation of edible quail is a process in which pods having a body weight of about 20 g are cultivated to have a body weight of 150 g. Farming methods can be divided into monopoly, polyculture and collocation. The key lies in feed feeding, water quality management and disease control.

Feeding requires quality, positioning, quantification, and timing.

Water quality management should focus on the development and control of water quality to prevent water changes. The normal water quality of the rearing pond is tender green with a transparency of about 20 cm. The DO requires more than 5 mg/l, and the pH is 7.5-8.5. At this time, the alfalfa is eating well and grows rapidly.

feed

1) Fresh feed

The commonly used fresh feed for raising razor clams is silkworm clams, beautiful clams, sword clams, chironomid larvae, river clams, yellow clams, snails, small fish, shrimps, and animal organs. Fresh feed has a good effect.

2) Compound feed

Formulated feeds should be prepared according to the nutritional requirements of different growth and development stages, and various raw materials should be prepared in proportion. Because of its advantages of complete nutrition, convenient storage and economic benefits, it is an ideal feed for the development of alfalfa culture.

Disease prevention and treatment

1) Parasite-induced diseases

1 Anchor heads: The head of anchovy is parasitized in the mouth of a carp. There is a bleeding point in the jaw that makes it difficult for the carp to eat. The onset period is mainly when the water temperature is high in the summer and autumn. Control methods: 0.5ppm crystal trichlorfon disinfection pool water before stocking prevention, after the onset can be spilled 0.2-0.6ppm crystal trichlorfon, spilled once every 7-10 days, continuous application 3-4 times.

2 Bipolaris disease: Bipolar parasitism causes spots in the corpus callosum. Onset season 4-6 months. At present there is no good way to clear the pond with lime immediately before stocking, killing the bipolar spores, or using 0.5% crystal trichlorfon Quanchiposa treatment.

3 Trichoderma disease: Trichoderma parasitic carp carp and body surface, seedlings to pupae will occur. Control methods: 0.5% copper sulfate and 0.2% ferrous sulfate mixture can be used to kill the whole pool, or in the division of nutrients with a one-thousandth potassium permanganate solution bath 15-20 minutes.

4 Insect nematode disease: caused by parasitic nematodes parasitized in cockroaches, more than 100g parasite blood stasis rate is high. There is no effective treatment for this disease. Generally, the use of 90% crystal trichlorfon 0.2-0.4ppm across the pool will have a certain effect on controlling the epidemic of the disease.

2) Bacterial fish disease

1 Red fin disease: Diseases caused by gas-producing monocytogenes and coliform bacteria. The disease is frequently occurring from year to year. It can occur from seedlings to pods. Control methods: can be used furan, sulfa drugs bait, can also be used 5-10ppm furazolidone or 1-3ppm of methylene blue Quanchiposa.

2 gill disease: caused by columnar granulococcosis infection, 50-100g squid prone to this disease, prevention methods with the same disease.

3) Disease caused by fungal parasitism

1 Saprolegnia: Caused by parasitism of aquatic fungi, the disease rate is high when the water temperature is 15-20°C. The prevention method is to disinfect the disease seedlings with 1ppm methylene blue or disinfect with 0.7% saline, and promptly use the concentration of 1-2ppm after onset. Methylene blue Quan Quan spilled effective.

4) Other viruses

1 Kidney disease: The cause of the disease is unknown, and the onset season is mostly between October and March. The mortality rate is high. After onset, 1-5% saline bath can be effective.

There are many other diseases, such as fin disease, enteritis disease, ascites disease, and small melon worm disease.

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