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Grapes in summer must be well protected against disease
In the summer, most parts of our province experience increased rainfall, making grapes more vulnerable to various diseases across large areas. For grape growers, it is crucial to focus on disease prevention during this season, especially for black rot, white rot, anthracnose, and downy mildew.
First, proactive prevention through timely spraying is essential. For fungicides with a residual effect lasting 17 to 21 days, it's common to spray every 15 days. However, if there is significant rain in between, the interval should be adjusted based on the amount of precipitation—shortening it if necessary. If heavy rain occurs after spraying, reapplication should be done once the weather clears up. Additionally, when using two different chemicals that are alkaline or acidic, it's important to maintain an appropriate interval to avoid neutralization reactions that could reduce effectiveness.
Second, early detection and prompt treatment are key. Grapes are most susceptible to disease during periods of heavy rain, high temperature, and humidity. Therefore, daily inspections of the vineyard are recommended. As soon as symptoms appear, targeted spraying should be carried out. For controlling downy mildew, options include 70% Kepone diluted at 600 times, 80% Mancozeb at 300 times, or a 1:0.7:180 Bordeaux mixture.
Third, while Bordeaux mixture is the primary method for disease prevention, other fungicides can be used as supplementary treatments. Before flowering, apply a 1:0.5:240 dilution, and after flowering, use 1:0.7:220. When the grapes begin to swell, a 1:0.7:200 dilution is recommended. Just before harvest, use 1:1880, and in autumn, apply 1:1:160 once or twice. If diseases like white rot or anthracnose occur, targeted sprays can be applied. However, these treatments are often acidic, so it's advisable to test a small area first before applying them widely.
Fifth, timely soil cultivation improves soil permeability. During the rainy season, especially after heavy rains, the soil surface becomes compacted, reducing air circulation and leading to poor root oxygenation. This weakens the plant’s vitality and makes it more prone to disease. To prevent this, loosen the soil before the rainy season begins. During the season, take advantage of dry periods to cultivate the vineyard and enhance soil aeration.
Sixth, pruning excess shoots helps improve ventilation. In the rainy season, excessive shoot growth increases the risk of disease. It's important to regularly remove unwanted shoots and manage the vine structure to ensure better airflow and light penetration.
Seventh, maintaining cleanliness in the vineyard is vital to prevent disease spread. High humidity and warmth create ideal conditions for pathogens. Regularly remove diseased leaves, branches, and fruits from the garden, and dispose of them by burying or burning. Also, clear weeds promptly to reduce potential disease hosts and improve overall vineyard hygiene.