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Grapes in summer must be well protected against disease
In the summer, our province typically experiences increased rainfall, which creates favorable conditions for various grape diseases to spread across large areas. For grape growers, effective disease prevention during this season is crucial, especially against black rot, white rot, anthracnose, and downy mildew. Implementing a proactive approach can significantly reduce losses and ensure healthier crops.
First, regular spraying is essential. When using fungicides with a residual effect lasting 17 to 21 days, it's generally recommended to spray every 15 days. However, if there is heavy rain in between, the interval should be adjusted accordingly—shortening the time if needed. If a heavy rain occurs after spraying, reapplication should be done once the weather clears up. It’s also important to note that if two consecutive sprays are acidic or alkaline, their application intervals must be carefully managed to avoid neutralization, which could reduce effectiveness.
Second, early detection and timely treatment are key. Grapes are most vulnerable to disease during periods of heavy rain, high temperatures, and humidity. Daily inspections of the vineyard are necessary to catch any signs of infection early. Once symptoms appear, immediate action should be taken. For downy mildew, options like 70% Kocide at 600 times dilution, 80% mancozeb at 300 times, or a 1:0.7:180 Bordeaux mixture are effective.
Third, while Bordeaux mixture remains the primary method of disease prevention, other fungicides can be used as supplements. Before flowering, apply 1:0.5:240; after flowering, use 1:0.7:220; and when the grapes begin to swell, go for 1:0.7:200. During harvest, a 1:1880 dilution is suitable, and in autumn, 1:1:160 can be applied once or twice. If white rot or anthracnose appears, targeted treatments can be used. However, these are often acidic, so it’s best to test on a small area first before applying widely.
Fifth, proper soil management is vital. In the rainy season, especially after heavy rains, the soil surface can become compacted, reducing air circulation and leading to root suffocation. This weakens the plant's overall health and makes it more susceptible to disease. To prevent this, soil cultivation should be done before the rainy season begins. During the season, take advantage of dry spells to loosen the soil and improve drainage.
Sixth, pruning and managing the vine's structure is important. In wet conditions, excessive shoot growth increases the risk of disease. Removing excess shoots and trimming the vines helps improve airflow and light penetration, reducing the chances of fungal infections.
Lastly, maintaining a clean vineyard environment is critical. High humidity and warmth promote the spread of pathogens. Regular removal of diseased leaves, branches, and fruits is necessary, and they should be buried or burned to prevent further contamination. Weeds should also be cleared regularly to reduce hiding places for pests and diseases.
By following these practices, grape growers can better protect their crops and maintain high-quality yields throughout the growing season.
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