Peacock breeding technology

Peacock breeding technology

The Biological Characteristics of Peacocks

Peacocks are typically found in open savannas below 2000 meters above sea level, or in highland areas where bushes, conifers, and broadleaf trees grow in an open manner. They prefer to live near riverbanks and in open spaces. The green peacock is mainly distributed in southern Yunnan, China, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Indonesia, while the blue peacock is more commonly found in India and Sri Lanka. Peacocks have strong legs that allow them to walk and fly well, though they are not particularly good climbers. Their beaks are strong, and their wings are short and rounded. They are active and can make short flights when threatened. A typical social group consists of one male with three to five females, along with their young. Males lead the group, followed by the females, with the chicks in the middle. They move in a slow, nodding manner, constantly stretching their necks to look around. Wild peacocks have a fixed feeding schedule. In the early morning, before the mist clears, they gather near rivers to drink water, preen their feathers, and then begin foraging. At noon, they rest in shaded areas. Their diet is varied, including plant seeds, rice, sprouts, grasses, berries, pods, as well as insects like cockroaches and moths. Peacocks can live up to 20–25 years, and they reach sexual maturity at about 22 months old. For artificial breeding, it’s important to create an environment that mimics their natural habitat. Peacocks can be kept in pairs or with multiple females in the same enclosure, or raised in large open areas. A fixed feeding routine is essential. The housing should be approximately 5x5x5 meters, with a spacious yard enclosed by barbed wire. The area should be on solid ground with shade from trees. The floor should be covered with hard sand, and perches placed at about 2 meters high. The building should face south, be slightly elevated, and well-lit.

Growth and Development of Peacocks

Studies on peacock growth from day one to 60 days show that the average daily weight gain reaches 9.79 grams. Body length increases by 0.517 cm on average per day. The fastest growth occurs in tail length, followed by body weight, wing length, and body length. The slowest growth is in the beak length. The peak growth period for body weight and length occurs between 15 and 40 days, and by 105 days, young peacocks start to display their fan-like tail feathers.

Feeding Technology for Peacocks

**Brooding Management for Young Peacocks** Newly hatched chicks have tan feathers with a darker back and lighter underbelly. They also have dark brown flight feathers. Due to their delicate bodies, they require a warm environment and high-nutrient feed. Special care is needed during this stage. Manual brooding requires brooding cages, heat lamps, water basins, and feeders. All equipment must be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized before use. Temperature control should be adjusted based on the age and behavior of the chicks. For the first 10 days, the temperature should be maintained between 34°C and 38°C. From day 11 to 20, it should be between 28°C and 26°C, and from day 21 to 30, between 26°C and 24°C. As the chicks grow and develop more feathers, their cold resistance improves. After one week, if the weather is good, they can be gradually introduced to the outdoors to acclimate to the environment. Newly hatched peacocks can start eating on their own. Before feeding, they can be given a small amount of diluted potassium permanganate water. Initially, they are fed commercial chick feed with a crude protein content of at least 22.5%. From day 1 to 10, feed them four times a day, and add cooked egg yolk, mealworms, and chopped green feed. From day 11 to 30, feed three times a day, and introduce boiled eggs, green feed, and flour worms. After 31 days, feed two to three times daily, adding sorghum, mealworms, and flour worms. Gradually reduce the amount of cooked eggs until day 60, after which they can eat adult food. Daily management of young peacocks requires careful attention. Keep the environment quiet and avoid loud noises. Ensure the feeding conditions are stable. Observe the chicks' temperature, energy levels, and feces each morning to detect any issues early. Cages should be clean, with enough sand for peacocks to eat freely. Food and water containers must be cleaned daily, and disinfected weekly. Since their wing feathers grow quickly, they can fly after one week, so measures must be taken to prevent escape. Throughout the rearing period, regular vaccination, deworming, and disinfection are necessary. **Adult Peacock Feeding and Management** The main tasks for adult peacocks include cleaning the cage, surroundings, and feeding tools. Feeding schedules should be consistent to maintain a regular lifestyle. Adult peacocks are fed a combination of pellets, mixed feed, and green feed. Pellets consist of grains like sorghum, corn, and barley. Large, heavy aluminum bowls are recommended to prevent tipping. Mixed feed includes energy and protein sources, bone meal, calcium powder, vitamins, and minerals. Green feed includes leaves, tender grass, and fruits. During breeding or moulting periods, additional vitamins (B1, B2, E) and mineral supplements like shell and bone meal should be added. Daily feed intake should be monitored and adjusted to minimize waste.

Seasonal Management

**Spring:** As temperatures rise and daylight increases, peacocks enter their mating season. They become more active and consume more food. Increase feed quantity and nutritional value, adding egg yolk, mealworms, fish meal, and vitamins. Provide nesting boxes for laying eggs. **Summer:** Hot and rainy weather can cause heat stress. Focus on cooling and shading. Increase green feed and ensure clean water and utensils. Prevent soft feed from spoiling and pellets from mold. **Fall:** Shorter days and cooler temperatures signal the start of moulting. Reduce oilseed content in feed. Monitor for diseases and parasites. Prepare for winter by cleaning cages and improving insulation. **Winter:** Cold and limited sunlight require increased energy in the diet. Add more soft feed and ensure adequate warmth and sun exposure.

Disease Prevention and Treatment

Common infectious diseases in peacocks include Newcastle disease, Marek’s disease, coccidiosis, and fowl pox. Parasitic infections are also frequent. To prevent these, maintain strict hygiene. Clean and disinfect sand twice a year, especially in spring and autumn. Remove old sand and replace it with disinfected material. Control moisture during rainy seasons and administer deworming medication every half a month. To prevent enteritis, provide 0.1% potassium permanganate water.

Peacock Aureus Disease

Symptoms of this disease include lack of energy, loose feathers, half-closed eyes, loss of appetite, and standing motionless. Affected birds often drink excessively and suffer from severe diarrhea, with stools ranging from grayish-white to watery. Body temperature rises to 42.8°C–43.5°C. The disease lasts 4–5 days, leading to dehydration and death if untreated.

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