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The clinical trial results of the drug were published in the recent New England Journal of Medicine. In the trial, a total of 70 adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were enrolled. These participants had a history of diabetes of less than 6 months. They injected GAD-alum twice and the results showed that the drug effectively retained the insulin-secreting function of insulin molecules in these participants.
The target of GAD-alum is GAD (glutamate decarboxylase), which is present in the insulin-secreting cells of the human brain and pancreas. For those who do not have type 1 diabetes, the enzyme exists only in the good and no harm. . But for people with type 1 diabetes, things are not that simple. The patient's immune system launches an immune attack on GAD, that is, autoimmunity. The autoantibody produced by the immune system against GAD binds to GAD, and a series of reactions occur. Zui eventually destroys insulin-secreting cells, and the patient's insulin level decreases, which is manifested by increased blood sugar. . Therefore, the basic mechanism of action of the drug is to retain the insulin-secreting cells in the body as much as possible.
The research was carried out by a research team at the University of Linkoping in Sweden. Studies have shown that GAD-alum can effectively preserve islet cells that still have insulin secretion, but only for patients with a disease duration of six months.
GAD-alum does not cure type 1 diabetes, and all patients must be injected with insulin during the trial, which lasted for two and a half years. The result of the test was that the islet cell destruction rate curve of the test group was relatively straight.
Sweden develops new diabetes drug that preserves islet function
A type 1 diabetes treatment called glutamate decarboxylase-aluminum (GAD-alum) developed in Sweden, because it can effectively preserve islet secretion, will bring hope to patients with this disease.