Four flowers

Four flowers

**Scientific Name:** *Dendrobenthamia japonica* var. *chinensis* **Common Names:** Stone date, hawthorn **Genus:** *Dendrobenthamia* **Characteristics:** This is a small deciduous tree or shrub that can grow up to 8 meters tall. It features slender, green or brownish twigs that are smooth in texture. Native to various provinces in the Yangtze River Valley, it thrives in warm and humid climates and has a moderate level of cold tolerance. The tree has an attractive, neat shape, and it blooms in early summer with dense, head-shaped inflorescences composed of 20–30 florets. The flowers are white or pale pink, with four petal-like sepals. The fruit is a spherical aggregate, turning red or purple when ripe. The branches are slender and elegant, making it a beautiful ornamental tree. In autumn, the red fruits cover the branches, creating a stunning visual display. The fruit is sweet and can be eaten raw or used for making wine. **Ecological Habits:** It is native to several provinces in China, including Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan. It typically grows in forests and along moist streambanks at elevations between 600 and 2200 meters. This plant prefers warm and humid conditions and thrives in fertile, well-drained soil. It is adaptable and can tolerate some cold, drought, poor soil, and direct sunlight. However, prolonged exposure to full sun may cause the leaves to droop, stunt growth, and lead to scorching of the summer tips. **Cultivation and Management:** Propagation is commonly done through sowing seeds immediately after harvest or by cold stratification for over 120 days before spring planting. It can also be propagated through ramets, cuttings, or layering. Seedlings require careful field management, including regular watering, loose soil, weeding, and fertilization to ensure healthy growth. Plants can be transplanted after three years and usually begin flowering around the eighth year. For best results, they should be planted in semi-shaded or shaded areas, especially on the western side, to avoid sunburn. Common diseases include leaf spot, which can be treated with fungicides like benomyl or zeocin. There are about 10 species in the genus, with some commonly cultivated varieties being *D. japonica*, *D. mulinervosa*, *D. elegans*, and *D. gigantea*.

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