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How to make up for lack of manganese in plants
Manganese is an essential micronutrient for plant growth, playing a crucial role in various physiological processes. The typical manganese content in plants ranges from 20 to 100 mg/kg, depending on the crop species and environmental conditions. A deficiency in manganese can significantly hinder plant development, sometimes even causing growth cessation. This is largely due to its close relationship with photosynthesis and its impact on auxin metabolism. Many crops respond positively to manganese fertilization, making it an important nutrient to monitor.
In general crops, manganese deficiency typically manifests as chlorosis in the younger leaves. In severe cases, yellow-brown or reddish spots appear on the affected areas, gradually spreading across the entire leaf. Leaves may become wrinkled, curled, or even wilt. In early stages of wheat deficiency, gray-white spots may develop, followed by chlorosis in new leaves. The veins remain green while the surrounding tissue turns yellow, eventually becoming brown and necrotic, forming linear brown streaks parallel to the veins. This condition is known as brown chlorosis.
In dicotyledonous plants like cotton and rapeseed, young leaves show initial chlorosis, with the veins appearing grayish or reddish, creating a reticulate pattern. Occasionally, lavender or light brown spots may also appear. For legumes such as beans, peas, and lentils, manganese deficiency often leads to small, cracked, or deformed leaves with brown spots and wet lesions. After germination, the cotyledons and young stems may turn brown.
Beets deficient in manganese initially show erect leaves with triangular shapes and yellow spots between the veins, known as "macular disease." As the deficiency progresses, tan spot necrosis develops, leading to leaf curling and, in severe cases, perforation of the leaf tissue.
Potatoes suffering from manganese deficiency display chlorosis between the veins, which can range from light green to yellow or even red, depending on the variety. In severe cases, the veins turn white. Citrus trees exhibit light green young leaves with fine netting patterns. As the leaves age, the netting darkens, while the veins remain light green. Dark bands may form near the main and lateral veins. In extreme cases, white, opaque spots appear between the veins, giving the leaves a gray or whitish appearance. This can lead to leaf death and dieback of small branches.
Apple trees with manganese deficiency show chlorosis between the veins and leaves, starting at the margins and moving toward the midrib. In severe cases, the veins become brown and necrotic, resulting in widespread yellowing throughout the tree.
Common manganese fertilizers include manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, and manganese nitrate. Manganese sulfate is water-soluble and can be used as a base fertilizer, seed treatment, or foliar application. Since manganese deficiency often occurs during early growth stages, it's best to apply manganese fertilizers early in the growing season. When using manganese sulfate as a base fertilizer, it’s recommended to combine it with acid-forming fertilizers to prevent fixation in the soil, ensuring better efficiency.
Due to manganese's susceptibility to oxidation, which reduces its availability, chelated manganese fertilizers are preferred for foliar applications. This improves uptake and enhances the overall effectiveness of manganese supplementation. Proper timing and application method are key to addressing manganese deficiency and ensuring healthy plant growth.
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How to make up for lack of manganese in plants