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How to make up for lack of manganese in plants
Manganese is an essential micronutrient for plant growth, playing a crucial role in various physiological processes. The typical manganese content in plants ranges from 20 to 100 mg/kg, though this can vary depending on the crop type and environmental conditions. A deficiency in manganese can severely affect plant development, leading to stunted growth or even complete cessation of growth. This is due to its close relationship with photosynthesis and its influence on auxin metabolism, making many crops highly responsive to manganese fertilization.
In most crops, the first visible sign of manganese deficiency is interveinal chlorosis in the younger leaves. In more severe cases, these areas may turn yellow-brown or reddish-brown, gradually expanding across the entire leaf. Leaves may also become wrinkled, curled, or wilted. In wheat, early symptoms include gray-white spots on the leaves, with the new leaves showing chlorosis. The veins remain green, but the yellowing areas eventually turn brown and necrotic, forming linear brown streaks parallel to the veins. The leaves become thin, soft, and wilted, a condition known as brown chlorosis.
In dicotyledonous crops like cotton and rapeseed, manganese deficiency first causes chlorosis in the young leaves, with the veins appearing grayish or purplish, creating a reticular pattern. Occasionally, lavender or light brown spots may appear on the leaves. For legumes such as beans, peas, and lentils, manganese deficiency often leads to small, cracked, or deformed leaves with brown spots and wet spot disease. After germination, the cotyledons and young stems and roots may turn brown.
Beet plants show initial symptoms of manganese deficiency with erect, triangular leaves and yellow spots between the veins, known as macular disease. As the condition progresses, tan spots develop, spreading across the leaf, causing the margins to curl and eventually leading to necrosis and perforation.
Potatoes deficient in manganese may display interveinal chlorosis that varies in color—light green, yellow, or red depending on the variety—and in severe cases, the veins may turn white. In citrus, manganese-deficient young leaves appear light green with fine netting. As the leaves mature, the netting becomes dark green, while the veins remain light green. Irregular dark bands form near the main and lateral veins. Severe cases result in opaque white spots between the veins, giving the leaves a gray or whitish appearance. Eventually, some lesions die off, and many small branches may also succumb.
Apple trees suffering from manganese deficiency show interveinal chlorosis, with light green areas and spots developing from the leaf margin toward the midrib. In severe cases, the veins turn brown and necrotic, and the entire tree may exhibit widespread chlorosis.
Common manganese fertilizers include manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, and manganese nitrate. Manganese sulfate is water-soluble and can be applied as a base fertilizer, seed soak, seed coating, or foliar application. Since manganese deficiency typically occurs early in plant development, it's best to apply manganese fertilizer during the early growth stages. When used as a base fertilizer, it's advisable to combine it with acid-forming fertilizers to prevent manganese from being fixed in the soil and losing effectiveness. Due to manganese’s tendency to oxidize and reduce availability, chelated manganese is recommended for foliar applications to enhance nutrient uptake and improve overall efficiency.
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How to make up for lack of manganese in plants