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How to prevent autumn cowpea pests and diseases
Cowpea root rot is a serious soil-borne disease that primarily affects the main roots and the lower stem of the plant. It thrives in high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, often occurring after heavy autumn rains, poor drainage, low-lying soils, and continuous cropping. To manage this disease, crop rotation with onions, garlic, or camphor trees for 3–4 years is recommended. Additionally, planting in raised beds or narrow furrows improves drainage, and removing and burning infected plant residues helps reduce the spread. Chemical control options include applying fungicides like carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, or mancozeb. For irrigation, a slightly higher concentration can be used—250 grams per plant, applied every 7–10 days for 4–5 times. Foliar sprays should be applied at standard dilution rates, focusing on the base of the stems, with three applications spaced 7–10 days apart.
Cowpea rust typically appears in the late growth stage, affecting leaves, stems, petioles, and pods. It is more prevalent during wet and rainy seasons, especially in areas with long-term monoculture, poor air circulation, or dense planting. Early control measures include using 25% triadimefon (diluted 2000 times), 5% versatrol EC (800 times), or 50% carbendazim (500 times). Spraying should be done every 7–10 days, with 2–3 applications in succession. If triadimefon is used, the interval can be extended to 15 days.
Cowpea mycoplasma disease begins after true leaves appear and reaches its peak before harvest. It mainly affects the leaves, causing yellowing and distortion. High humidity and temperature favor its development, and heavy rain can worsen symptoms. Prevention involves avoiding overcrowding to improve air circulation, promptly removing infected leaves, and applying fungicides such as chlorothalonil (75% wettable powder diluted 600 times) or carbendazim (40% gel suspension diluted 800 times) early in the infection stage.
Cowpea virus disease is more common in the fall, with initial symptoms appearing as yellow-green mottling on leaves. As the disease progresses, the leaves become curled and deformed, and plants may grow slowly, remain short, and produce fewer flowers. Control focuses on early removal of aphids, especially during dry years, and improving field management to strengthen plant resistance. Preventive measures also include maintaining good hygiene and avoiding the use of infected seeds.
Cowpea pod borers are one of the most destructive pests, with 4–5 generations per year. They feed on flowers, pods, and leaves. Control includes removing damaged crops, pruning affected leaves, and burning them. Chemical control should be applied during the early flowering stage, with repeated applications every 7–10 days for 2–3 times. Spraying is most effective when petals are open before 8 a.m., allowing maximum contact with the insecticide. Pyrethroid-based products like "Enemy Killer" or "Rapid Extinguisher" are commonly used. Pre-harvest spraying is strictly prohibited to avoid contamination.
Soybean mealworms also attack cowpeas, feeding on pods and leaving behind frass, which causes rot. They often occur alongside pod borers, so treatment strategies can be combined. Monitoring fields regularly and applying insecticides when necessary can help manage both pests effectively.
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How to prevent autumn cowpea pests and diseases