The generic name of VTM Virus Sampling Tube is a single-use virus sampling tube, which is generally used for the detection and sampling of infectious pathogenic microorganisms in disease control departments and clinical departments. It is suitable for detection and sampling of influenza viruses (including general influenza, highly pathogenic viruses, H1N1 influenza virus, etc.), hand, foot and mouth virus, new coronavirus, measles and rubella and other types of viruses. VTM virus sampling tube can also be used for detection and sampling of Mycoplasma, Chlamydia and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Biomed Vtm Kit,Vtm Test Kit,Saliva Collection Tube,Virus Sample Collection Tube Jilin Sinoscience Technology Co. LTD , https://www.jlgkscience.com
The virus and related samples in the VTM virus sampling tube should be stored and transported within 48 hours in a refrigerated state (2-8°C). Viruses and related samples can be stored for a long time in -80℃ environment or liquid nitrogen environment. The virus can maintain the activity of the virus in a lower temperature range, reduce the speed of virus decomposition, and improve the positive rate of virus isolation.
The VTM virus sampling tube is generally equipped with a disposable flocking swab. From the appearance point of view, the flocking swab is white and soft. Using this soft brush during the sampling process will make the user feel no foreign body, and it is suitable for different Partial sampling person. Moreover, the flocking swab is designed with a breaking point that conforms to the length of the sampling tube and the natural orifice of the human body, which is not only convenient for sampling but also convenient for transportation of the specimen.
Warm and high humidity to prevent lettuce Sclerotinia
Sclerotinia is a widespread fungal disease that affects stem lettuce and poses a serious threat to crop health. It significantly reduces both yield and quality, making it essential to understand its symptoms, causes, and effective control methods. This article provides a detailed overview of the disease and practical prevention strategies.
Symptoms of Sclerotinia typically begin at the base of the plant's stem, where a brown, water-soaked lesion appears. Over time, the infection spreads upward along the stem and downward toward the roots, turning the affected areas dark brown. As the disease progresses, the tissue becomes soft and starts to rot. In severe cases, the entire plant wilts and dies. Under moist conditions, white, cotton-like fungal growth appears on the surface, which later forms into clusters, turning grayish-brown to black. These structures, known as sclerotia, are hard, irregularly shaped bodies that remain attached to the infected plant.
The pathogen responsible for Sclerotinia is *Sclerotinia sclerotiorum*, a fungus with a wide host range. It can infect not only lettuce but also various other crops such as cruciferous vegetables, solanaceous plants, legumes, melons, carrots, and more. The disease thrives in warm and humid conditions, especially when temperatures average around 20°C and humidity exceeds 85%. Sclerotia germinate under favorable conditions, producing spores that spread through wind, rain, or via wounds and senescent tissues. Once inside the plant, the fungus invades the cells, secreting enzymes that cause soft rot. The mycelium can also spread to neighboring plants through direct contact. Factors like continuous cropping, low-lying fields, dense planting, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer application can increase the risk of infection.
To manage Sclerotinia effectively, several preventive measures should be taken. First, select disease-resistant lettuce varieties such as red lettuce, hanging red silk, or red leaf. Seeds should be sourced from disease-free stocks, and any seeds containing sclerotia can be removed using a sieve or by soaking them in a 10% salt solution before planting.
Field management plays a crucial role in disease control. Crop rotation is recommended to reduce the buildup of pathogens in the soil. Soil disinfection, proper field drainage, and thorough weeding help minimize disease sources. Before sowing, ensure the soil is well-prepared, leveled, and suitable for irrigation. Remove diseased, old, or damaged leaves regularly to improve air circulation. Infected plants should be promptly removed and treated with lime. Balanced fertilization is important—avoid overuse of nitrogen and apply appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium to strengthen plant resistance.
Chemical control is also an essential part of managing Sclerotinia. At the early stages of infection, fungicides such as 50% carbendazim WP (600–800 times dilution), 70% thiophanate-methyl WP (800–1000 times), or 50% iprodione WP (1000–1500 times) can be applied. Other options include 50% chlorothalonil WP (1500 times) or 40% wettable powder formulations of mancozeb or sclerotium net. Spraying should be done at a rate of 50–60 kg per mu (666.7 m²), and repeated every 7–10 days for 2–3 applications to ensure effectiveness.