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Weaning sow rearing management
Weaning sows should not be fed on the day of weaning, and water intake should be carefully controlled to reduce the risk of mastitis. On the same day, these sows are moved to the breeding area. They are not given food and have restricted access to water. It is normal for weaned sows to show slightly visible vertebrae, indicating they are in good body condition. After weaning, empty sows are provided with a feed ration of 2.5 to 3 kg per day. This helps improve ovulation rates before mating, especially for lean sows. Once breeding is completed, the feed amount should be reduced to 2 kg immediately.
Between 3 to 7 days after weaning, sows typically enter estrus and can be bred. However, the first estrus following an abortion should not be used for breeding. Sows with inflammation of the reproductive tract must be treated before breeding. Breeding should be done in the morning and evening, with 2 to 3 inseminations per estrus cycle, spaced 12 to 18 hours apart. It's important to monitor sows for signs of mastitis or metritis and treat them promptly.
After 18 to 25 days post-breeding, it’s essential to check for pregnancy return. Maintaining accurate breeding records is crucial for effective management. Regularly assess the quality of boar semen and take corrective actions when needed. Encourage boar movement to maintain fertility.
The ideal age for gilts to start breeding varies by breed. Local breeds should be around 6 to 7 months old and weigh over 60 kg. For crossbred or commercial breeds, the optimal age is between 8 to 10 months, with a weight of about 100 kg. First-time gilts should not be bred during their first estrus; instead, wait until the second estrus cycle.
Artificial insemination can be performed using the hand-press method. Boars should be collected three times a week. The first insemination should occur 19 to 30 hours after the onset of heat, during the stable phase of the dorsal reflex. A second insemination should be done 12 to 18 hours later. The recommended dose of liquid semen is 30 to 40 mL, containing 3 to 5 billion motile sperm. Each sow should be inseminated with a new catheter, and the genital area should be cleaned before the procedure. All steps must follow strict aseptic techniques to ensure success and prevent infections.
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Weaning sow rearing management