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Weaning sow rearing management
Weaned sows should not be fed on the day of weaning, and their water intake should be limited to prevent mastitis. On the same day, these sows are moved to the breeding area. They remain without feed and have restricted water access. It's important for weaned sows to show slightly visible vertebrae, indicating they're in a suitable body condition for breeding. After weaning, empty sows are given a controlled amount of feed—around 2.5 to 3 kg per day. This helps increase ovulation rates before mating, especially for lean sows. Once breeding is complete, the feed amount is reduced to 2 kg immediately.
Within 3 to 7 days post-weaning, sows typically come into estrus and can be bred. However, the first estrus after an abortion should not be used for breeding. Sows with any genital tract inflammation must be treated before being bred. Breeding should take place in the morning and evening, with 2 to 3 insemination sessions per estrus cycle, spaced 12 to 18 hours apart. It's essential to monitor sows for signs of mastitis or metritis and treat them promptly.
After 18 to 25 days post-breeding, it's crucial to check for pregnancy. Maintaining accurate breeding records is vital for managing the herd effectively. Regular checks on boar semen quality should be conducted, and necessary measures taken if issues arise. Encouraging boar movement also helps maintain good semen quality.
For gilts, the appropriate breeding age varies by breed. Local breeds should be around 6 to 7 months old and weigh over 60 kg, while crossbred and exotic breeds are best bred at 8 to 10 months old and weighing around 100 kg. The first estrus in gilts should not be used for breeding; instead, breeding should occur during the second estrus cycle.
Artificial insemination using the fist grip method is common. Boars can be collected three times a week. For optimal results, the first insemination should occur 19 to 30 hours after the onset of heat, when the sow shows a stable dorsal reflex. A second insemination should follow 12 to 18 hours later. Each dose of liquid semen should contain 30 to 40 ml, with 3 to 5 billion motile sperm. A new catheter should be used for each sow, and the genital area should be cleaned before insemination. All procedures must follow strict aseptic techniques to ensure safety and success.
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