Isomaltulose is a disaccharide carbohydrate composed of glucose and fructose. The glucose and fructose are linked by an alpha-1,6-glycosidic bond (chemical name: 6-0-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose). Isomaltulose is present in honey and sugarcane extracts. It tastes similar to sucrose (table sugar) with half the sweetness. Isomaltulose, also known by the trade name Palatinose, is manufactured by enzymatic rearrangement (isomerization) of sucrose from beet sugar. The enzyme and its source were discovered in Germany in 1950, and since then its physiological role and physical properties have been studied extensively.
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After the greenhouse nectar sheds should be carefully managed
One, manage the temperature to promote dormancy. After the peach trees have met their cooling requirements, they can be warmed up to break dormancy and encourage flowering. In areas south of 34°N latitude, where leaf fall occurs later, the dormancy period is also delayed. Peach varieties that require 600 chilling hours can be warmed in the first half of January. In regions north of 36°N, using a temporary greenhouse cover during the day and removing it at night can help induce early dormancy. Once the cold period ends and temperatures start to rise, proper management becomes essential.
Second, water and fertilize before warming. Before the heating process begins, thoroughly water the entire greenhouse. If the trees are weak or lack nutrients from the previous season, apply 0.2–0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per tree. To control growth, you can also apply 0.5–1 g of paclobutrazol per square meter (with 15% concentration), followed by irrigation. Once the topsoil is no longer sticky, cover the entire garden with mulch film. This helps maintain soil temperature, especially after watering, as it warms up more quickly.
If possible, install drip irrigation pipes. Avoid flooding during the fruit ripening stage; instead, use drip irrigation for efficient water use and better humidity control inside the greenhouse.
Intercropping strawberries is also an effective practice. Young trees aged one year or two to three years, with space left after thinning between rows, can be intercropped with strawberries. Plant strawberries in mid to late August, and once temperatures rise, cover them with plastic film. After flattening the film, make small holes to expose the strawberry seedlings, then tightly seal the soil around them.
Fourth, adjust the temperature carefully. The critical temperature control period is during germination, when the temperature should be maintained at about 8–15°C. The minimum temperature should not drop below 0–5°C, and the maximum should not exceed 25–28°C.
In the early days of solar greenhouses (about one week), partially open the curtains to allow a small amount of light in, gradually increasing the temperature so that the peach trees adapt slowly. This helps balance the metabolism of hormones and nutrients. After one week, fully open the curtains to let in full sunlight. During the day, keep the room temperature at 10–25°C, and 5°C at night. The floor temperature should be around 15–20°C. For budding, the ideal temperature range is 5–28°C. Open the vents at 8:00 AM and close them at 4:00 PM.
Plastic greenhouses must be well insulated at this time, as temperatures can drop significantly in mid-to-late January, and snowfall may occur. If the temperature falls below 0°C, it can cause cold damage to the newly sprouted plants. If necessary, use heating systems or hot air furnaces to assist in maintaining warmth.
Fifth, control humidity levels. The relative humidity in the greenhouse should be kept around 80% from the time of bud formation until the flowering stage, and then reduced to 50–60% during flowering to prevent disease.
Sixth, implement pest control measures. At the beginning of the growing season, spray a 3–5 degree lime sulfur solution to prevent diseases and eliminate overwintering pests. Be careful with the application. Lime sulfur is made from quicklime and sulfur powder, and it produces a reddish-brown liquid when mixed with hydrazine. The active ingredient is calcium polysulfide, which is strongly alkaline and water-soluble. It has strong contact and killing effects on pests like mites.
Choose high-quality quicklime for the mixture, and avoid using previously used lime. The ratio of quicklime, sulfur, and water is 1:2:10.
To prepare the solution, first place the quicklime in an iron pot, add a small amount of water, and heat it while adding more warm water to mix the sulfur into a paste. When the water in the pot is almost boiling, slowly pour the sulfur paste along the side of the pot into the lime solution, stirring continuously. Mark the water level. Heat the mixture for 40–60 minutes until the liquid turns reddish-brown, then stop heating.
During the boiling process, stir regularly and add hot water to replace any evaporated moisture. After cooling, filter out the residue to obtain a concentrated red-brown lime sulfur solution. Before use, measure the concentration with a Baumé hydrometer, and dilute it with water as needed.
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