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"Five Elements" of Fertilizing Vegetables
According to agricultural experts, farm households should pay close attention to five key technical aspects when fertilizing vegetables grown in greenhouses. These practices not only enhance crop yield but also ensure the health and safety of the plants.
First and foremost, farmyard manure must be fully composted before being used. Fresh manure can contain harmful pathogens and parasites that may contaminate the vegetables. Additionally, if applied directly in the greenhouse, it can release ammonia during decomposition, which may burn young seedlings. Therefore, it's essential to compost the manure outside the greenhouse first, allowing it to break down completely before applying it to the soil.
Second, the fertilization method should be both scientific and practical. It is recommended to apply basal fertilizer one week before planting, mixing it thoroughly into the soil. For top-dressing, apply it at a distance of 7-10 cm from the base of the plant, avoiding direct contact with the stems or leaves. After application, cover the soil and water it promptly. Avoid spreading fertilizer directly on the ground or on the plants, as this can lead to nutrient loss and damage to the crops. Top-dressing should be done during periods of high nutrient demand, such as during peak growth or late development stages. It’s best to apply it on cloudy days or in the evening, and spray the solution on the underside of new leaves for better absorption.
Third, the use of chemical fertilizers should be moderate. Greenhouse conditions reduce the risk of nutrient leaching, but over-application can lead to salt buildup in the soil, which negatively affects plant growth and may cause secondary salinization. Before applying any fertilizer, it’s important to test the soil and follow a balanced formula rather than applying it randomly.
Fourth, micronutrient fertilizers should be used carefully. Although vegetables require only small amounts of these nutrients, they play a crucial role in their metabolic processes. Common micronutrients include boron, molybdenum, zinc, and iron. These can be applied as a base fertilizer, used for seed treatment, or applied as a foliar spray. Due to the narrow margin between adequate and excessive amounts, precise measurement is essential to prevent fertilizer burn.
Lastly, plant growth regulators should be used appropriately. When applied correctly, they can significantly boost vegetable production. However, each type of regulator has specific usage guidelines, including timing and concentration. Improper use can lead to poor results or even harm the crops. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and apply them at the right time to achieve the desired outcomes.
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