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Garlic must prevent soft rot before winter
Garlic soft rot is a bacterial disease that significantly affects garlic crops, causing serious damage to both yield and quality. This disease tends to occur under cool and humid conditions, especially in low-lying areas with poor drainage and high water tables. Managing field moisture by keeping the soil dry can help reduce the occurrence of the disease. In wet years, the disease is usually mild, but it becomes more severe during droughts. The infection typically begins in November, starting from the leaf margins or midrib, with yellow-white streaks appearing along the midrib. When humidity is high, the affected areas turn yellow-brown and develop a soft, watery rot, often accompanied by a yellowish discharge.
The disease initially attacks the lower leaves and gradually spreads upward. In the later stages, only 2–3 leaves remain slightly green, while the rest turn yellow and die, leading to the complete death of the plant. To prevent garlic soft rot, a comprehensive approach should be adopted. Key preventive measures include:
1. Selecting healthy garlic varieties that are disease-resistant, pest-free, and have strong detoxification properties.
2. Choosing flat, well-drained fields with rich organic matter and good water retention. Avoid planting garlic in areas previously used for garlic cultivation. Proper soil preparation is essential to create an environment that limits disease development.
3. Applying adequate phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, along with high-quality organic manure and cake fertilizer, to promote strong seedling growth and enhance plant resistance, thereby reducing the risk of physiological diseases.
4. Sowing at the right time, ideally before early October. After sowing, water appropriately and cover with plastic film to raise soil temperature, protect against drought, and encourage rapid germination and healthy growth.
5. Implementing chemical control measures when necessary. For seed treatment, use 0.25% of the seed weight in a 2.5% suspension agent like Shiloh, or apply 50% carbendazim, 77% mancozeb wettable powder, or 77% copper oxychloride. Mix 100g of each agent with 5kg of water to treat 50–75kg of seeds, then dry them before planting.
For soil treatment, spray 77% mancozeb wettable powder diluted at 600 times (100kg per acre) before sowing. Alternatively, mix copper sulfate, quicklime, and ash in a 1:1:100 ratio and apply it to the planting furrows. For chemical control, apply 72% streptomycin at 3000–4000 times dilution, 47% mancozeb at 750 times, or 50% dexamethasone at 1000 times. Spray every 5–7 days for 2–3 applications, focusing on infected plants and surrounding areas. If symptoms persist, use 72% streptomycin WP at 400 times, 77% mancozeb WP at 500–800 times, or neophytin at 3000–4000 times. You can also use 50% carbendazim, 75% chlorothalonil, or 50% methyl thiophanate at 500–1000 times for root irrigation. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to managing this disease effectively.
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