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Flowering season to promote flowers
Apple tree flower buds originate from the transformation of leaf buds. During the summer and autumn of the first year, these buds undergo differentiation, and by the following year, they develop into flowers that produce fruit. Only when the tree is vigorous, with healthy leaves and strong photosynthetic capacity, can it generate high-quality flower buds. This process takes approximately 150 to 180 days, laying the foundation for a productive harvest.
First, thinning flowers and fruits is essential to reduce excessive nutrient consumption and encourage better flower bud formation. It's crucial to act early—during normal weather conditions, about 10–20% of the flowers should be removed to prevent frost damage. Thinning fruits is less effective than thinning flowers, which in turn is less effective than bud thinning. The earlier the intervention, the higher the nutrient reserves available, allowing for more concentrated development of flowers, fruits, and leaves.
Second, promoting early growth of branches and leaves requires careful fertilizer management. For mature trees, balanced fertilization and irrigation are key. A strategy of nitrogen control, phosphorus stabilization, potassium supplementation, and trace element addition should be applied through formula fertilization to ensure robust growth and improved stress resistance. Especially during June, when flower buds are differentiating, increased fertilizer application supports both fruit enlargement and flower development.
Third, pruning during the growing season helps suppress excessive growth and encourages the formation of short shoots, which are vital for flowering. Throughout the season, light pruning techniques such as pinching, removing excess leaves, and redirecting growth are used. Before the physiological stoppage of growth, practices like leaf picking, branch removal, and directional changes help redistribute nutrients. In summer and autumn, cutting back long, leggy, or dense branches reduces competition and conserves energy for flowering.
Fourth, pest control is critical during the growing season, with a focus on preserving leaves. Diseases such as early defoliation and brown spot, along with pests like the oriental fruit moth and two-spotted spider mite, must be managed proactively. A comprehensive approach ensures that leaves remain healthy, supporting overall tree vitality and fruit production.
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