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Prevention of corn leaf spot
Corn leaf spot is a disease that can affect corn throughout its entire growth cycle, but it tends to be most severe after the tassels have emerged. The primary damage caused by this disease is to the leaves, although it may occasionally affect the leaf sheaths as well. Initially, the infection appears as small water-soaked spots on the leaves, which gradually develop into red-brown lesions with a yellow-brown center. The size and shape of these lesions vary depending on the leaf veins, but they are typically less than 2 cm in length. Two types of lesions are commonly observed: oval-shaped lesions and elongated lesions. In some resistant corn varieties, only small round necrotic spots may appear. As the disease progresses, the lesions often lead to early leaf death. A thin layer of black mold may form on the underside of the lesions or on the opposite side of dead leaves.
The disease is more likely to occur in areas where infected corn is planted early, especially near villages, due to the high amount of overwintering bacteria. Environmental conditions also play a crucial role in disease development. When temperatures range between 20°C and 25°C and relative humidity exceeds 90%, spore formation, germination, and spread are greatly favored. Corn leaf spot spreads primarily through wind and rain. In northern corn-producing regions, heavy rainfall from June to July—often exceeding 80 mm—combined with moderate rain in August, creates ideal conditions for disease outbreaks.
To manage the disease effectively, several control measures can be implemented. Chemical control is recommended when the diseased plant rate in the field reaches 70% and the diseased leaf rate reaches 20%. Spraying should begin at this point. Suitable fungicides include 50% carbendazim WP diluted 500 times, 50% amitriazole WP diluted 500 times, 90% mancozeb WP diluted 500 times, or 40% hexaconazole EC diluted 800 times. Each mu (approximately 667 square meters) requires 50 to 75 kg of spray solution, and applications should be repeated every 7 to 10 days, possibly up to 2 or 3 times.
In addition to chemical treatments, removing infected leaves is an effective strategy. The disease typically affects the lower leaves first. Once the incidence rate of the lower two leaves reaches around 20%, infected leaves should be removed immediately. Then, 3 to 5 leaves should be removed every 7 to 10 days to reduce the spread of the disease. This method works best when applied on a large scale and quickly. After removal, applying water and fertilizer can help promote plant growth and enhance the plant’s resistance to disease.
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Prevention of corn leaf spot