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White cucumber cultivation technology
White cucumber is a variety of cucumber that is widely cultivated for its tender and flavorful fruits. Below are the main cultivation techniques to ensure high yield and quality:
1. **Soil Preparation and Fertilization**: Before planting, it's essential to prepare the soil properly by applying 5000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per 667 m², along with 50 kg of NPK compound fertilizer, 20–50 kg of superphosphate. The fertilizers should be evenly spread and incorporated into the soil to a depth of about 25 cm. The bed width should be maintained at 1.1–1.2 meters for optimal growth.
2. **Sowing and Seedling Care**: In the Huang-Huai River region, spring cultivation typically begins in mid-March, while autumn planting starts from mid-June to late July. Using seedlings is recommended, especially those grown in sawdust trays. These seedlings benefit from good ventilation, insulation, and moisture control, which helps them establish quickly without damaging the roots. Strong seedlings should have a thick stem (about 1 cm), short internodes, long petioles (around 10 cm), 4–5 true leaves, and a healthy green color with a compact crown and white, sturdy roots.
3. **Planting Density**: White cucumbers have strong growth potential, so proper spacing is crucial. A row spacing of 30 cm by 60 cm is recommended, allowing about 3,700 seedlings per 667 m². This ensures efficient light utilization and better yield.
4. **Pruning Techniques**: Since the main vines can produce fruit, pruning should be done carefully. During the spring season, the heart should not be removed during the early growth stage. Once the main vine reaches the top of the trellis, the tip should be pinched off. For high-yield crops, the "one main and two sides" pruning method is effective, helping the plants spread evenly on the trellis and maximize sunlight exposure for better nutrient synthesis.
5. **Fertilization and Irrigation Management**: Proper water and fertilizer management is key throughout the growing period. Early stages require careful control to prevent excessive vegetative growth and promote early fruit set. Watering should be moderate, avoiding overwatering that may delay fruit development. Top dressing should be applied frequently in small amounts. After root development, use a combination of urea (8 kg/667 m²) or ammonium bicarbonate (20 kg/667 m²) alternately with irrigation to maintain steady production and high yields.
6. **Pest and Disease Control**: Common diseases include downy mildew, powdery mildew, and bacterial leaf spot. These can be managed using fungicides such as Daconil, Mancozeb, Metalaxyl, and Triadimefon. Insect pests like aphids, melonworms, and thrips can be controlled with insecticides like Diazinon, Neem oil, and Beta-cypermethrin.
7. **Harvesting**: White cucumbers should be harvested when the fruits are tender, with fully developed size and soft skin. Delayed harvesting can reduce quality and affect the development of subsequent fruits. Root cucumbers, in particular, need timely picking. On average, a 667 m² area can yield between 3,000 to 4,000 kg of high-quality white cucumbers.
By following these practices, farmers can achieve consistent and profitable white cucumber production.
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White cucumber cultivation technology