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Prevention and treatment measures of seedling infestation diseases
Seedling diseases such as damping-off, blight, leaf spot, and anthracnose are common and can lead to significant losses for farmers by killing large numbers of young plants in a short time. To effectively manage these issues, several integrated prevention and control strategies are recommended.
First, selecting an appropriate nursery is essential. The site should be on light, loamy or sandy loam soil with good drainage and a higher elevation to avoid waterlogging. A crop rotation system should be followed to prevent the buildup of pathogens. Before planting, the soil must be disinfected. One method is formalin treatment: mix 50 ml of formalin with 10 kg of water per square meter, spray it evenly, cover with plastic or straw bags, and leave it for about 10 days before sowing two days later. Another option is carbendazim: use 1.5 grams of 50% wettable powder per square meter, or prepare a 1:20 solution to apply directly to the seedbeds. Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) can also be used—mix 5 g of 45% PCNB with 5 g of zein-zinc and 12 kg of fine soil, then spread it over the nursery to protect against anthracnose and other fungal diseases. Ferrous sulfate is another effective option: apply a 3% solution at 0.5 kg per square meter to prevent blight and iron deficiency yellowing in trees and flowers.
Second, seed disinfection is crucial. Before sowing, remove weak or damaged seeds. Soak seeds in a 0.3–0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 30–60 minutes, or soak them in 50°C warm water for 24 hours, then select only the sinking seeds. Formalin treatment for 30 minutes followed by a 2-hour drench is also effective. Alternatively, use a 0.5–1% copper sulfate solution for 1–2 hours, rinse thoroughly, and dry before planting. Ensure proper sowing depth so that the soil is not too thick, allowing for easier germination.
Third, chemical treatments should be applied regularly. During the early seedling stage, spray a 0.5–1% Bordeaux mixture every 7–10 days to create a protective layer on the plants. Combine this with proper fertilization—use organic manure, compost, and well-fermented waste to avoid introducing pathogens. If disease occurs, promptly remove infected plants and apply lime powder around the affected area to prevent further spread. Treat the seedbeds with fungicides such as 500–800 times diluted 100 kg per mu, 65% zinc sulfate at 300–800 times, or 1:100 arsenic-sulfate soil. Mixing ash lime powder in an 8:2 ratio and applying it to the seedbed can also help control the spread of disease.
By following these steps, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of seedling diseases and improve overall plant health.