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The main technical points of autumn basal fertilizer
Autumn basal fertilization is a crucial practice in orchard management, aimed at improving soil fertility, enhancing plant resilience, and ensuring a successful harvest the following year. This process typically takes place from September to October when the root system is most active, allowing for efficient nutrient absorption and recovery. At this time, the soil temperature is still warm enough to support microbial activity, which helps break down organic materials more effectively. This leads to better fertilizer utilization, improved cold resistance, and continued flower bud development.
Organic fertilizers such as compost, manure, and green manure are essential components of autumn fertilization. They not only provide a wide range of nutrients but also enhance soil structure and long-term fertility. These materials slowly release nutrients over time, making them ideal for supporting the tree’s needs throughout the winter and into the growing season. In addition, they help prevent nutrient deficiencies and promote healthier, more vigorous growth.
The amount of fertilizer applied should be carefully determined based on the tree's age, yield, and soil conditions. For young trees, it's recommended to apply around 15 kg of organic fertilizer combined with 1 kg of chemical fertilizer. For mature trees, the quantity depends on the expected yield—those producing 2,000 kg per mu should receive about 200 kg of organic fertilizer, while those yielding over 3,000 kg may require even more. A common guideline is "half a pound of fat per jin of fruit" or "two pounds of fertilizer per pound of fruit." Additionally, applying 150 kg of nitrogen, 100 kg of phosphate, and 100 kg of potassium per mu can significantly boost productivity.
There are several effective methods for applying autumn basal fertilizer. Young trees benefit from the ring groove method, where a ditch is dug around the tree canopy and filled with fertilizer. Mature trees often use the strip groove, radial groove, or hole method. In mountainous dryland areas, the point storage method is particularly useful. This involves digging holes around the tree, placing soaked straw inside, and mixing it with both organic and inorganic fertilizers before covering with soil and plastic film. This technique enhances water retention and nutrient availability over several years.
In summary, autumn basal fertilization plays a key role in achieving high-quality fruit production and maximizing yields. Proper planning and execution of this practice ensure that trees are well-nourished and prepared for the next growing season. By investing time and effort in this essential task, growers can enjoy better results and healthier orchards in the future.
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The main technical points of autumn basal fertilizer
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